It slides upward and downward axially along the contacts to make and break the contact between the two fixed contacts. It converts into negative ions which are heavier than electrons. 22. Another form of the Mbius strip, called the cross-cap or crosscap, also has a circular boundary, but otherwise stays on only one side of the plane of this circle,[55] making it more convenient for attaching onto circular holes in other surfaces. Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenards. For slightly more complicated round shapes, you may have to revert to an integral that I'm not sure how to write. Figure 8.2 Both capacitors shown here were initially uncharged before being connected to a battery. From a more limited aspect, the invention aims to dissolve clouds and fogs, to produce rain, and otherwise change atmospheric conditions, and to scatter particles in a charged condition for other purposes also, the charged condition bringing about a repulsion of the particles and hence a more even scattering of the particles, etc. Using a car alternator for a wind turbine might not be a good idea but there are some tweeks that we are looking forward to overcome these issues like replacing the current rotor with a permanent magnet one and increasing the rotor speed using a higher gear ratio between the blades and the alternator. Circuit breakers are used for protection against fault current in electrical systems. Due to the heavy mass of the formed negative ions, the movement of the charges reduces between the contacts. Your tip angles look to be almost flat. The invention will now be described further in connection with the accompanying drawings, in. In at least one case, a ribbon with different colors on different sides was drawn with an odd number of coils, forcing its artist to make a clumsy fix at the point where the colors did not match up. Edit or delete it, then start writing! What can I say about the perpendicular axis theorem other than it's interesting. List of Practicals and Activities performed by the students. [95] Charles O. Perry's Continuum (1976) is one of several pieces by Perry exploring variations of the Mbius strip. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method. 9. 1, illustrated in Figs. For such a simple re-purpose, the outcome was as good it is could be for a regulated excited alternator. 6. Now thats something we will cover in another video, so drop down your suggestions in the comments section below. Sensors are available at Mouser Electronics from industry leading manufacturers.Mouser is an authorized distributor for many sensor manufacturers including All Sensors, Amphenol, Analog Devices, Broadcom, Crouzet, Grayhill, Honeywell, Infineon, Littelfuse, Maxim Integrated, NXP, Omron, Schneider Electric, TE Connectivity, Texas Instruments, TT Electronics & more. Key criterion was that it had to be uncomplicated and inexpensive to maintain. To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane mirror. To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a meter bridge. E A voltage as high as 50,000 is probably unnecessary with proper design. These 30 marks are divided into 5 parts, two experiments, a practical record, an activity, an investigatory project, and viva voce. [9][10][11], A path along the edge of a Mbius strip, traced until it returns to its starting point on the edge, includes all boundary points of the Mbius strip in a single continuous curve. the conductors throughout the said relatively large distance and thereby to take up the charge of the said one conductor and for directing the stream of sand particles in charged condition out 01 contact with the said one conductor. If the gap between the conductors 12 and 14 is large, the voltage will be high; but a lower voltage may be used to produce as intense an electric field if the gap issmaller. Now its time to built the frame for our wind generator. The portions of the conductor 102 forward oi the line of travel are restricted, as shown at 106. The process of changing atmospheric conditions consisting in traversing an atmospheric zone where it is desired to change the conditions with an aeroplane or other dirigible aircraft and scattering from said aeroplane substances which will produce the desired change of atmosphericconditions, as for example, electrically charged sand, dust or other finely divided particles, adapted to produce condensation or coalescence of water vapor or water particles to produce rain-fall 'or fog dispersion. 3 ing surfaces that are opposed to each other throughout a relatively large distance, means for charging the conductors with charges of opposite polarity toproduce an electrostatic field between them, a sand containing hopper, and means for causing the sand particles-to travel in the form of a continuous stream in the electrostatic field between the conductors and in intimate contact with one 0! The current can travel through the rectifier in one direction only, namely, when the plates 74 and 84 are positive with respect to the corresponding filaments, currents in the opposite direction being suppressed by the action of the rectifiers. As you select one or more parametric filters below, Smart Filtering will instantly disable any unselected values that would cause no results to be found. Car alternators are designed to be CHEAP. . Euler Numbers. Removing the line at infinity, to produce the space of Euclidean lines, punctures this space of projective lines. The other terminal 97 of coil 96 is connected, by conductor 98, with a terminal 99 of a cap 100 on the cylinder 14. 3 this is solution of fundamentals of applied electromagnetics 7e. The condenser system 20 is therefore energized by one of the portions of the secondary winding 27 during one half-cycle, and by the other portion during the next half-cycle, alternately. The whole paint job proces was very satisfying and the results were pretty decent. This causes the turbine to "stall" & turn slowly. Certain highly-symmetric spaces whose points represent lines in the plane have the shape of a Mbius strip. Your email address will not be published. The Mbius strip is a non-orientable surface, meaning that within it one cannot consistently distinguish clockwise from counterclockwise turns. Therefore, a closed gas system is used, where the used SF6 is recombined for reuse. The glass of the bottle 142 constitutes the equivalent of the insulating cylinder 16 of Fig. 30. If, instead, a Mbius strip is cut lengthwise, a third of the way across its width, it produces two linked strips. are then scattered into the cloud through a substantial area to react upon the surrounding atmosphere. Types of Faults in Electrical Power System, Difference Between Porcelain and Glass Insulators, MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) Construction, Working, Types & Applications, MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker) Construction, Types & Working, Different Types of Circuit Breakers Working and Applications, Circuit Breaker, Fuse and Protection Symbols, Difference Between MCB, MCCB, ELCB and RCB, RCD or RCCB Circuit Breakers, Difference between Fuse and Circuit Breaker, power transmission and distribution systems, How to Find the Proper Size of Circuit Breaker? is probably the most robust home shop build wind turbine out there. [69] The affine transformations and Mbius transformations both form 6-dimensional Lie groups, topological spaces having a compatible algebraic structure describing the composition of symmetries. [31][d] A five-triangle Mbius strip can be represented most symmetrically by five of the ten equilateral triangles of a four-dimensional regular simplex. Meter scale, the general shape of the voltmeter/ammeter, battery/power supply, connecting wires, standard resistances, connecting wires, voltmeter/ammeter, meter bridge, screw gauge, jockey Galvanometer, Resistance Box, standard Resistance, connecting wires, Potentiometer, jockey, Galvanometer, Lechlanche cell, Daniell cell [simple distinction between the two vis--vis their outer (glass and copper) containers], rheostat connecting wires, Galvanometer, resistance box, Plug-in and tapping keys, connecting wires battery/power supply, Diode, Resistor (Wire-wound or carbon ones with two wires connected to two ends), capacitors (one or two types), Inductors, Simple electric/electronic bell, battery/power supply, Plugin and tapping keys, Convex lens, concave lens, convex mirror, concave mirror, Core/hollow wooden cylinder, insulated wire, ferromagnetic rod, Transformer core, insulated wire. Once we chopped all the parts we threaded the motor mounting that will later allow us to glue the parts before welding them together.There are three mounting holes on the alternator, two of them are inline while the thrid one is on the opposite end. Examples of this trope include Martin Gardner's "No-Sided Professor" (1946), Armin Joseph Deutsch's "A Subway Named Mobius" (1950) and the film Moebius (1996) based on it. By projective duality the space of lines in the projective plane is equivalent to its space of points, the projective plane itself. If the charges are opposite to those assumed, the following explanation will apply with a change of sign. To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation. These moisture particles are sometimes electrically charged and sometimes they are neutral. The process of changing atmospheric conditions consisting in traversing the atmospheric zone where it is desired to change the conditions with an aeroplane or other dirigible aircraft and scattering from said aeroplane through 9 substantial area containing water vapor, finely divided particles such as dust, sand or the like, charged with electricity, and thereafter, if desired, producing coalescence of these water particles, for example, by scattering the cloud or fog with finely divided particles having an electrical charge of opposite sign to that of the first-named particles. One set mounted above the lower set at 90 degrees offset. Self-intersecting smooth Mbius strips exist for any aspect ratio above this bound. The medium ionizes and an arc is generated between the contacts. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR. [98] Some variations of the recycling symbol use a different embedding with three half-twists instead of one,[97] and the original version of the Google Drive logo used a flat-folded three-twist Mbius strip, as have other similar designs. On reason,is ther need to be means to energize the stator, if there's enough wind is wind and de-energise the stator, when the wind stops to avoid depleting the battery bank. regions; When the charges of the moisture particles are all of the same sign, whether positive or nega tive, the particles are kept apart by repulsion. This gets rid of the rotor power loss, but because of the thick laminations in the stator, the losses there are high. {\displaystyle \ell } Cylinder Calculator Languages: [ ES ,TR ,DE ,] Triangular Pyramid Calculator They are energizing the correct part (the rotor). Face book contact at nulla incognatio for tech details-- if I still can find them. According to the present invention, other small or finely divided particles or nuclei, like sand, clay, marble dust, cement dust, and other media, and even finely divided liquid particles, are highly charged with charges opposite in sign or polarity to the charges of the moisture particles, and. Then palaced the metal strips in order to mount our PVC blades together. The circuit-breaking part is easy as it is just the separation of contact but the arc that generates afterward which prevents the circuit from breaking and causes damage needs to be quenched as fast as possible. The present invention relates toelectrical systems and methods, particularly to systems for and methods of producing electrical charges, and more specifically to the production of electrical charges on discrete particles of matter. Other option is to have NO BLADE near the hub. Typically a traditional liquid rheostat consists of a steel cylinder (the negative), about 5 feet (1.5 m) in size, standing on insulators, in which was suspended a hollow steel cylinder.This acted as the positive electrode and was supported by a steel rope and insulator from an adjustable pulley. An electrical machine having, incombination, two conductors having electrically conforming surfaces that are opposed to each other throughout a relatively large distance, means for relatively highly charging the conductors with charges of different sign to produce a relatively strong electrostatic field between the conductors throughout the relatively large distance, and means for causing particles disposed between the conductors to travel in intimate contact with one oi the conductors throughout the said relatively large distance and thereby to take up the charge 01' the said one conductor. Sitemap. What can I say about the perpendicular axis theorem other than it's interesting. The apparatus will work satisfactorily without the needles 134. One of the conductors 102, is connected by the conductor 98 with one terminal 66 of the condenser system 20, and the other conductor 104 by the conductor 91 with the terminal 64 of the condenser system 20. I think the only trick would be getting some type of smaller (?) You also have to position the magnets carefully to minimize "cogging torque" which can prevent the turbine from starting up.There is something else that is not right (that may be the more serious problem why you are not getting more power). The conductor within the bottle 142 is connected by the conductor 91, shown extending through the cork stopper 146, with one side of the condenser system 20. The blast of SF6 gas also reduces the temperature of the arc which also reduces its strength. The valve is linked with the movement of the contacts. A machine for dissolving clouds having, in combination, means for causing particles to travel along a predetermined path in an electric field to charge the particles, and means for directing the charged particles out of the predetermined path along a' bundle of diverging paths into a cloud. Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens makers formula, magnification, power of a lens, a combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism. A modification of the invention is illustrated in Fig. The forward portion 106 of the conductor 102 is provided with a pointed member 108, extending toward the conductor 104, preferably along the axis of the ring conductor 104. An electrical machine having, in combina-'- tion, two cylindrical conductors disposed one in the other, an insulating cylinder disposed between the conductors, means for charging the conductors with charges of different sign, means I for causing particles to travel between the insulating cylinder and the exteriorly disposed conductor in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the said exteriorly disposed conductor, and means for imparting a spiral movement to the particles during their axial travel to cause the particles to engage the exteriorly disposed conductor. Higher voltages cannot be utilized to produce a more intense field than this maximum, because they will be attended by sparking. It increases with an increase in pressure. An electrical machine having, in combination, a'cylindrical conductor, a conductor disposed in the cylindrical conductor, an insulating barrier disposed between the conductors, and means for causing-particles to travel between the insulating barrier and the second-named conductor in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the cylinder. They abruptly break the circuit and safely quench the arc. Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, the effect of temperature on magnetic properties. They are not good for extracting power from the wind.With 18" blade, set at low angle to wind, you should be able to get 300 to 400W from the wind at 30MPH with proper alternator & tracking circuit. The leakages of byproduct gases are toxic to the environment (greenhouse gas) and cause respiratory problems. It works like mass in this respect as long as you're adding moments that are measured about the same axis. Physics is a very vast subject and students can take physics as their as the main subject for higher studies. The invention is not limited to the particular mechanisms illustrated and described herein, as other mechanisms may equally well be employed within the spirit and scope of the invention. current divides. A thin paper strip with its ends joined to form a Mbius strip can bend smoothly as a developable surface or be folded flat; the flattened Mbius strips include the trihexaflexagon. Any two embeddings with the same knot for the centerline and the same number and direction of twists are topologically equivalent. Since the vents are closed by the fixed contact, the SF6 gas remains inside the cylinder. The shortest strip for which this is possible consists of three equilateral triangles, folded at the edges where two triangles meet. Put two 12 V. in series so the alternator can function in the matter it was signed to to work. Conductors and insulators, free charges, and bound charges inside a conductor. The cases of negative and zero curvature form geodesically complete surfaces, which means that all geodesics ("straight lines" on the surface) may be extended indefinitely in either direction. [61] The space of lines in the hyperbolic plane can be parameterized by unordered pairs of distinct points on a circle, the pairs of points at infinity of each line. Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n-type, p-n junction. You then need circuit to sense when the wind is not enough to provide rotor current in this case & prevent discharge of the battery.You might have better luck with a hoverboard wheel motor for the alternator. IDM Members' meetings for 2022 will be held from 12h45 to 14h30.A zoom link or venue to be sent out before the time.. Wednesday 16 February; Wednesday 11 May; Wednesday 10 August; Wednesday 09 November The same is true of many other sand particles, the term being now used in its generic sense. We were aiming for 700 RPM while the turbine initially achieved 200 so we switched to shorter blades which did increased the RPM but still we are half way down there at 350 RPM. The ring 104 may be grounded to the airplane. 1 The SF6 is heavier than oxygen and can cause difficulty in breathing. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit. b. Non-automatic and non-semi-automatic rifles, carbines, revolvers or pistols with a caliber greater than .50 inches (12.7 mm) but less than or equal to .72 inches (18.0 mm). The sand particles, when in contact with a positively charged electrode 12, will therefore take up a positive charge, and when in contact with a negatively charged electrode 12 will take up a negative charge, the charge being of the same polarity as the polarity of the charging electrode. The process of dispersing a cloud compris ing scattering widely in the upper portion of said, [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(4-methylanilino)oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate, CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(=O)C)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](NC=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)O1, AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING, HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING, Devices or methods for influencing weather conditions, Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem, The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture, Means for electrostatically charging spray material, Means for electrifying pulverulent materials, Apparatus for detecting surface discontinuities, Process for the condensation of atmospheric humidity and dissolution of fog, Apparatus for dispersing and electrically charging substances in discrete particulate form, Method and means for controlling the electric potentaial of aircraft in flight and applications to the electrostatic spray treatment of vegetation, Visibility modification method and apparatus, Method of producing precipitation from the atmosphere and apparatus therefor, ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY GUN, ESPECIALLY FOR POWDER, System and method for remediation of selected atmospheric conditions, Method and apparatus for controlling atmospheric conditions, Apparatus for controlling atmospheric conditions, Charged Seed Cloud as a Method for Increasing Particle Collisions and for Scavenging Airborne Biological Agents and Other Contaminants, System for facilitating cloud formation and cloud precipitation, Aerial electrostatic system for weather modification, Charged seed cloud as a method for increasing particle collisions and for scavenging airborne biological agents and other contaminants, Studies of the corona discharge in ehd spraying, Improvements in electrostatic filtering apparatus, Electrostatic precipitator having high strength discharge electrode, Corona discharge and electrical charge on water drops dripping from DC transmission conductorsAn experimental study in laboratory, Onset mechanism and development of corona discharge on water drops dripping from a conductor under high direct voltage, Electrostatic induction parameters to attain maximum spray charge, Improvements in or relating to condensing, coalescing and precipitating atmospheric moisture, Process and device for the pretreatment of gases or gas mixtures containing solid or liquid suspended bodies prior to the electrical separation of the suspended bodies, Method and apparatus for electric separation of quartz-hematite mixture. In the cases unlike the construction shown in Fig. THEY MAY BE BENDING. The actuator is synchronized with the gas chambers valve which releases the gas at the same movement the contact separates. This will almost double the RPM, ad if you keep only one blade, you'll almost 7X your 200 RPM (and still the same power). It's unfortunately your result did conclude with no tangible benefit, but I learned lot. Many works of speculative fiction feature Mbius strips; more generally, a plot structure based on the Mbius strip, of events that repeat with a twist, is common in fiction. Which One is More Dangerous? SF6 circuit breakers are mainly used for the protection of very high voltage circuits up to 800 kV from fault current. CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2022-23 unit-wise detailed syllabus is given below. [107] As a form of mathematics and fiber arts, scarves have been knit into Mbius strips since the work of Elizabeth Zimmermann in the early 1980s. A Mbius strip without its boundary, called an open Mbius strip, can form surfaces of constant curvature. It can be formed by removing a quadrilateral from the top of a hemisphere, orienting the edges of the quadrilateral in alternating directions, and then gluing opposite pairs of these edges consistently with this orientation. The importance of having the electric field between the conductors 12 and 14 sufficiently high, yet not so high as to cause sparking, has been above alluded to. Do the length of the blades have to be a certain length? [39][40] It is also possible to find algebraic surfaces that contain rectangular developable Mbius strips. 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of the modification shown in i 8. Method in accordance with claim 1, in which, when the cloud or fog is neutral, it is first charged with electricity of one polarity, and is thereafter treated by scattering therethrough the finely divided particles having an electrical charge of opposite polarity to that previously im parted to the cloud or fog. The fixed contacts include arc horns that are used for protection against arcs. And again we have drilled and tapped M6 threads to clap our blades. Thank you so much. : 237238 An object that can be electrically charged The positive charge on the other side of the sand particle will remain as a charge on the particle, and will be retained by the particle so long as it remains in contact with the charging conductor 12 and in the electric field produced by the two conductors 12 and 14. [g] The limiting case, a surface obtained from an infinite strip of the plane between two parallel lines, glued with the opposite orientation to each other, is called the unbounded Mbius strip or the real tautological line bundle. They may be inclined at anyangle, or held horizontally. This transformation is an example of a deformation retraction, and its existence means that the Mbius strip has many of the same properties as its centerline, which is topologically a circle. Whatever the voltage employed, the intensity of the electric field is necessarily limited by the fact that a more intense field will cause sparking between the conductors 12 and 14 par ticularly if no insulating cylinder 16 is used. An electrical machine having, in combination, two conductors at least one of which has a surface of relatively large distance disposed toward the other conductor, an insulating barrier between the conductors, means for charging the conductors with charges of opposite polarity to produce an electrostatic field between the conductors and to produce a charge on the said one surface throughout the said relatively large distance, and means for causing particles to travel in the electrostatic field in inimate contact with the said charged surface throughout the said relatively large distance to cause the particles to take up the charge of the saidcharged surface. The infinitesimal box is probably the easiest conceptually. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet -1- Patented Oct. 3, i933 UN [TED S TATE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND IMETHOD Application January 12, 1925. {\displaystyle x} It slides upward and downward axially along the contacts to make and break the contact between the two fixed contacts. Description. The arc can be quenched using various techniques and mediums. After finishing all the parts now its time to get the paint job done, for that we first clean and degreases all the parts and then painted with matt black auto paint. The system required to maintain the gas is quite complicated and expensive. Such type of SF6 circuit breaker uses compressed SF6 gas in a cylinder to quench the arc. In practice, for objects with uniform density (=m/V) you do something like this. The rear portion of the cylinder 118 is cone shaped, as shown at 122. The contacts are hollow cylinders. [21] These include the utility graph, a six-vertex complete bipartite graph whose embedding into the Mbius strip shows that, unlike in the plane, the three utilities problem can be solved on a transparent Mbius strip. We consider your struggle as our motivation to work each day. (ii) Introduction of the ferromagnetic material as its core material on the inductance of the coil. The frequency of the voltage does not affect its, Single Pressure Puffer Type SF6 Circuit Breaker, Double Pressure Puffer Type SF6 Circuit Breaker, The arc quenching occurs inside the interrupter unit or arc chamber. For clapping our blades to the front plate we have used the 6mm thick metal strip in order to get the rigid base for our PVC blades. ", "NASCAR Hall of Fame 'looks fast sitting still', "Pedro Reyes Makes an Infinite Love Seat", "Making a Mobius a matter of mathematics", "Cut Your Bagel The Mathematically Correct Way", "How to make a mathematically-endless strip of bacon", "Pasta Graduates From Alphabet Soup to Advanced Geometry", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mbius_strip&oldid=1126344795, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use list-defined references from March 2022, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, A proof of the impossibility of continuous, anonymous, and unanimous two-party aggregation rules in, This page was last edited on 8 December 2022, at 21:25. Which makes it very complex and quite expensive gas system is required for operation. For this reason, and for this reason on y, the following theory of the operation is expounded. In the case of the symmetries of Euclidean lines, the stabilizer of the {\displaystyle E} Now time to get our hands dirty as we built the frame to hold everything together.To make the whole unit sturdy we have used 20mm metal bar for the main frame. The flow of the SF6 gas quenches the arc. A very simple form of apparatus is illustrated in Figs. 0 With the Pelton wheel up to speed at full resistance on the rheostat and output amps at nil, increase excitation voltage with the rheostat watching the ammeter increase. 44. Of course service was simple, anywhere even in Papua New Guinea, Timor, Pacific region and off grid Australia. 11. It applies to laminar objects only. There is a stationary piston inside the cylinder. 3 It has a compact design. There is a 100HP engine behind it. The sand particles are caused to travel between the insulating cylinder 132 and the charging conductor 130. Volume of Cylinder Calculator; Traingle Area Calculator; Area of a Circle Calculator; brass or any other suitable metal or other conducting material. When an arc is struck between the contacts, it absorbs the free electrons from it. The moving contact moves back and forth to make or break the circuit. The tip of the moving contact is designed in such a way to form a nozzle that increases the speed of the gas when it passes through it. 7, one conducting cylinder 128 is connected with one side of the condenser system 20, and aconducting member 130, disposed within the cylinder 128, is connected with the other side of the condenser system. Did you make this project? A second conducting cylinder 118 is disposed within the conducting cylinder 116 and is electrically connected therewith, as by means of conductors 120. Due to its heavyweight, its mobility is reduced. [93][94] It is also a popular subject of mathematical sculpture, including works by Max Bill (Endless Ribbon, 1953), Jos de Rivera (Infinity, 1967), and Sebastin. These symmetries also provide another way to construct the Mbius strip itself, as a group model of these Lie groups. Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker. {\displaystyle {\sqrt {3}}} The Sudanese Mbius strip was constructed as a minimal surface bounded by a great circle in a 3-sphere, but there is also a unique complete (boundaryless) minimal surface immersed in Euclidean space that has the topology of an open Mbius strip. It will be noted that the paths 126 diverge at a considerably larger angle than in the modification of Fig. An electrical machine having, in combination, two conductors disposed near each other, a. condenser system means connecting the concuit with the condenser system and the high-voltage transformer, means for energizing the vacuum tube and supplying energy to the high-voltage transformer to charge the condenser system, and means for causing particles to travel along a path closer to one of the conductors than to the other conductor. 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