[60]:43133[81] Measures of the Big Five constructs appear to show some consistency in interviews, self-descriptions and observations, and this static five-factor structure seems to be found across a wide range of participants of different ages and cultures. Several dozen detainees between sixteen and eighteen were detained with the adult prison population. Task performance is the set of activity that a worker is hired to complete, and results showed that Extraversion ranked second after the Conscientiousness, with Emotional Stability tied with Agreeableness ranked third. [69] Because the Big Five factors are broader than the 25 scales of the PID-5, there is disagreement in personality psychology relating to the number of factors within the Big Five. This does not mean that they are unfriendly or antisocial; rather, they are reserved in social situations. (2019). [163][164], To examine how the Big Five personality traits are related to subjective health outcomes (positive and negative mood, physical symptoms, and general health concern) and objective health conditions (chronic illness, serious illness, and physical injuries), Jasna Hudek-Knezevic and Igor Kardum conducted a study from a sample of 822 healthy volunteers (438 women and 384 men). They tend to be, when compared to closed people, more creative and more aware of their feelings. Marxists argue that new wealth is created through labor applied to natural resources. The U.S. Department of Defense took the position that they would not consider "enemy combatants" held in extrajudicial detention in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps minors unless they were less than sixteen years old. In the United States as of 1971, minor is generally legally defined as a person under the age of 18. Catharine MacKinnon develops her theory of gender as a theory of sexuality. A minor is restricted from doing juristic acts for example, signing contracts. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(8), 1208 - 1233. [20], Marx argued that the proletariat would inevitably displace the capitalist system with the dictatorship of the proletariat, abolishing the social relationships underpinning the class system and then developing into a communist society in which "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all".[21]. Crime rates vary significantly between racial groups. For many crimes (especially more violent crimes), the age at which a minor may be tried as an adult is variable below the age of 18 or (less often) below 16. [230] This was followed by a number of published critical replies from Block. A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. (2002). Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. List the assumptions of the functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist perspectives on health and medicine. Read more. As this definition suggests, health is a multidimensional concept. [181], Besides openness, all Big Five personality traits helped predict the educational identity of students. It is used, both as a technical anthropological term for families or clans controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males and in feminist theory where it is used to describe broad social structures in which men dominate over women and children. [151] However, most predictions related to an increase in Neuroticism and a decrease in Agreeableness, and therefore did not differentiate between the disorders very well. WebPoor medical care is likewise dysfunctional for society, as people who are ill face greater difficulty in becoming healthy and people who are healthy are more likely to become ill. For a person to be considered legitimately sick, said Parsons, several expectations must be met. WebGroup socialization is the theory that an individual's peer groups, rather than parental figures, are the primary influence of personality and behavior in adulthood. Openness has not shown a significant association with any brain regions as opposed to the other four traits which did when using brain imaging to detect changes in volume associated with each trait. The argument for using personality tests to predict performance does not strike me as convincing in the first place. [140], Attempts to replicate the Big Five in other countries with local dictionaries have succeeded in some countries but not in others. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, society, culture, nation, religion, or social treatment within their residing area. birgerking What I Really Do ADD/ADHD CC BY 2.0. [78][79][80] Temperament researchers point out that the lack of attention to extant temperament research by the developers of the Big Five model lead to an overlap between its dimensions and dimensions described in multiple temperament models much earlier. [197] Some research has also suggested that the Conscientiousness of a supervisor is positively associated with an employee's perception of abusive supervision. In addition, it was found that self-discipline, extraversion, and adaptability personality traits are generally in a positive relationship with academic achievement. Social and contextual parameters also play a role in outcomes and the interaction between the two is not yet fully understood. The proletariat (/proltrit/; from Latin proletarius'producing offspring') is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). Individual subscriptions and access to Questia are no longer available. Human sexual activity, human sexual practice or human sexual behaviour is the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality.People engage in a variety of sexual acts, ranging from activities done alone (e.g., masturbation) to acts with another person (e.g., sexual intercourse, non-penetrative sex, oral sex, etc.) The conflict approach emphasizes inequality in the quality of health and of health-care delivery (Weitz, 2013). He referred to these expectations as the sick role. In the criminal justice system a minor may be tried and punished either "as a juvenile" or "as an adult". (Miville, M., Romas, J., Johnson, J., and Lon, R. 2002) The study found that the counselor trainees that are more open to the idea of creative expression (a facet of Openness to Experience, Openness to Aesthetics) among individuals are more likely to work with a diverse group of clients, and feel comfortable in their role. Furthermore, extraversion and openness were only positively related to elaborative processing, and openness itself correlated with higher academic achievement. [118] More recent research and meta-analyses of previous studies, however, indicate that change occurs in all five traits at various points in the lifespan. Lacking contentment in one's life achievements can correlate with high neuroticism scores and increase one's likelihood of falling into clinical depression. [3][4], Those labels for the five factors may be remembered using the acronyms "OCEAN" or "CANOE". In Taiwan and Thailand, a minor is a person under 20 years of age, and, in South Korea, a person under 19 years of age. [by whom?]. the atheoretical nature of the five-factors. While not a measure of the Big Five, gifted students also reported less state anxiety than students not in the gifted program. The study also attempted to ascertain whether those factors can act as causative agents for juvenile delinquency. ", "Big five personality traits and relationship quality: Self-reported, observational, and physiological evidence", "Personality Traits and Party Identification over Time", http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8992021, "The development of markers for the Big-five factor structure", "An evaluation of the consequences of using short measures of the Big Five personality traits", "An alternative "description of personality": the big-five factor structure", "Variance in faking across noncognitive measures", "Big Five Personality Tests, traits and background", "Personality, gender, and age in the language of social media: the open-vocabulary approach", "Observer bias: an interaction of temperament traits with biases in the semantic perception of lexical material", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "Solid ground in the wetlands of personality: A reply to Block", "The enriched behavioral prediction equation and its impact on structured learning and the dynamic calculus", "What makes a good structural model of personality? The twenty-sixth amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1971, granted all citizens the right to vote in every state, in every election, from the age of 18, reducing the minimum ages for most privileges that had previously been set at 21 (signing contracts, marrying without parental consent, termination of legal parental custody) to 18, with the exception of drinking, which had been raised to 21 around the 1980s due to teen drunk driving cases protested by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Factor analysis, the statistical method used to identify the dimensional structure of observed variables, lacks a universally recognized basis for choosing among solutions with different numbers of factors. [102] This has been referred to as the maturation effect. [100] Despite these specific differences, the majority of findings suggest that personality traits particularly Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness are evident in childhood and adolescence and are associated with distinct social-emotional patterns of behavior that are largely consistent with adult manifestations of those same personality traits. "The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review." Another criticism of Gottfredson and Hirshi's self control theory is that it downplays the influences of one's peers. Family, closely followed by school, peers, and media, are considered the primary agents of socialization in a child's life. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 4.1 (2005)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minor_(law)&oldid=1125700970, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions, This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 11:14. Despite these possible faults, the symbolic interactionist approach reminds us that health and illness do have a subjective as well as an objective reality. Privacy Policy Legal Info, Underwritten by United States Fire Insurance Company. As we will see, the evidence of disparities in health and health care is vast and dramatic. What is social structure? [19] The court's 54 decision was written by Justice Kennedy and joined by Justices Ginsburg, Stevens, Breyer, and Souter, and cited international law, child developmental science, and many other factors in reaching its conclusion. "Chapter Six: The Buying and Selling of Labour-Power", http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1913/accumulation-capital/ch06.htm, http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch06.htm, http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/ch01.htm, http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm, The East wind prevails over the West wind, Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proletariat&oldid=1114453364, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 October 2022, at 15:29. Module 1 Discussions. We are an Open Access publisher and international conference Organizer. [157], These common mental disorders (CMDs) have been empirically linked to the Big Five personality traits, neuroticism in particular. Learn the social structure definition, its types and elements, and understand some social structure theories. MyPlaceCT.org is a free web-based resource from the State of Connecticut that helps you live life independently. [247], Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions, "OCEAN" and "CANOE" redirect here. [163], Five major models have been posed to explain the nature of the relationship between personality and mental illness. Our veterinarians and behaviorists offer you a library of solutions to improve the health and lifestyle of your feline companion. Many of the women and girls who have eating disorders receive help from a physician, a psychiatrist, a psychologist, or another health-care professional. (2009). In this context, role senders (i.e. Pg 495, History of youth rights in the United States, Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth, International Falcon Movement Socialist Educational International, National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign, French petition against age of consent laws, Legal status of tattooing in European countries, Legal status of tattooing in the United States, Minors detained in the global war on terror, "Zakon o maloletnim uiniocima krivinih dela i krivinopravnoj zatiti maloletnih lica", Zealand Employment Law Guide (2013 edition), "Drinking age will remain 19 in Saskatchewan", "Class XI student to be tried as adult for Ryan boy's Murder", "Age of Majority Act (Northern Ireland) 1969", "Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991", "Age of Criminal Responsibility (Scotland) Act 2019", "Campaign for Youth Justice, Key Facts: Youth in the Justice System. This is the only one of the learning styles that has explained a significant impact on academic performance. Thus, the relative-scored measure proved to be less affected by biased responding than the Likert measure of the Big Five. Dog Grooming Tips. Roman citizen-soldiers paid for their own horses and arms, and fought without payment for the commonwealth, but the only military contribution of a proletarius was his children, the future Roman citizens who could colonize conquered territories. [80][148][149][150], The five-factor model was claimed to significantly predict all ten personality disorder symptoms and outperform the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in the prediction of borderline, avoidant, and dependent personality disorder symptoms. Very roughly: the social meaning of sex (gender) is created by sexual objectification of women whereby women are viewed and treated as objects for satisfying mens desires (MacKinnon 1989). Academic research indicates that the over-representation of some racial minorities in the criminal justice system can in part be explained by socioeconomic Patients must perform the sick role in order to be perceived as legitimately ill and to be exempt from their normal obligations. [81] Moreover, temperament refers to dynamical features of behavior (energetic, tempo, sensitivity and emotionality-related), whereas personality is to be considered a psycho-social construct comprising the content characteristics of human behavior (such as values, attitudes, habits, preferences, personal history, self-image). WebAdultcentrism; Adultism; Ageism; Criminalization; Democracy; Ephebiphobia; Fear of children; Fear of youth; Intergenerational equity. In many countries, including Australia, Serbia,[3] India, Brazil, Croatia, Colombia, and the UK a minor is defined as a person under the age of 18. Neuroticism is similar but not identical to being neurotic in the Freudian sense (i.e., neurosis). WebManifesto issued by Marx in 1848, regarded as founding documents of Communism [46] Therefore, with further research, organizations may be able to determine an individual's potential for performance based on their personality traits. In Big Five studies, extraversion has been associated with surgency. What is social structure? WebTips for helping your new baby or toddler exist in harmony with your familys pup. They are also more likely to hold unconventional beliefs. Leaders with high levels of agreeableness were more likely to be considered transformational rather than transactional. The new research shows evidence for a maturation effect. In addition, the criminal spin theory claims that such a process that leads to a state of reduced self-control can be seen in individuals, groups (e.g., group rape[10]) of even larger social entities (e.g., local communities[11]). They are generally considerate, kind, generous, trusting and trustworthy, helpful, and willing to compromise their interests with others. Moreover, the fact that the Big Five model was based on lexical hypothesis (i.e. Academic research indicates that the over-representation of some racial minorities in the criminal justice system can in part be explained by socioeconomic The mate ejection theory looks at the dissolution of marriage from an evolutionary point of view, where The functionalist approach emphasizes that good health and effective health care are essential for a societys ability to function, and it views the physician-patient relationship as hierarchical. Such asymmetry in emotional valence creates another bias in language. 6-1 Scenario Activity: Is It Secure? WebThe Big Five personality traits is a suggested taxonomy, or grouping, for personality traits, developed from the 1980s onward in psychological trait theory.. The Journal of Adolescent Health is a multidisciplinary scientific Journal dedicated to improving the health and well-being of adolescents and young adults. Trapmann, S., Hell, B., Hirn, J.-O. O The social system. He referred to these expectations as the sick role. Read more. On the negative side, they have also recognized that their financial status will improve if they succeed in characterizing social problems as medical problems and in monopolizing the treatment of these problems. [41], Extraversion is characterized by breadth of activities (as opposed to depth), surgency from external activity/situations, and energy creation from external means. Frank Sulloway argues that firstborns are more conscientious, more socially dominant, less agreeable, and less open to new ideas compared to siblings that were born later. WebAnother theory to explain why relationships end is the "Mate ejection theory", by Brian Boutwell, J.C. Barnes and K.M Beaver. . Driving certain large vehicles, acting as personal license holder for licensed premises, and adopting a child are permitted only upon the age of 21. [24][25][26][27] These four sets of researchers used somewhat different methods in finding the five traits, and thus each set of five factors has somewhat different names and definitions. The study postulated that although there are different factors that impact on the development of child character, the family plays a central role in Marx argues that history is made by man and not destiny. This was especially true for premature death, said Parsons, because it prevents individuals from fully carrying out all their social roles and thus represents a poor return to society for the various costs of pregnancy, birth, child care, and socialization of the individual who ends up dying early. In his 1968 book Personality and Assessment, Walter Mischel asserted that personality instruments could not predict behavior with a correlation of more than 0.3. Role theory suggests that role senders provide cues to elicit desired behaviors. However, the same study showed no predictive power of leadership effectiveness as evaluated by the leader's direct supervisor. Fagan, J., Wilkinson, D. L., & Davies, G. (2007). The Journal publishes new research findings in the field of Adolescent and Young Adult Health and Medicine ranging from the basic biological and behavioral sciences to public health and policy. An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. (yrs 3-4) Ethics. Dog Grooming Tips. In response to Block, the model was defended in a paper published by Costa and McCrae. provide workers with cues for expected behaviors, which in turn activates personality traits and work relevant behaviors. ASPCA-approved treats you can make at home to help with enrichment and training for your dogs. So-called Crown stones were positioned every five miles and engraved with the Penn familys coat of arms on one side and the Calvert familys on the other. If they do not want to get well or, worse yet, are perceived as faking their illness or malingering after becoming healthier, they are no longer considered legitimately ill by the people who know them or, more generally, by society itself. Spanning the centuries from Hammurabi to Hume, and collecting material on topics from art and economics to law and political theory, the OLL provides you with a rich variety of texts to explore and consider. [51] Furthermore, those who score high on neuroticism may display more skin-conductance reactivity than those who score low on neuroticism. [36], Openness to experience is a general appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, imagination, curiosity, and variety of experience. ", "The General Factor of Personality: A meta-analysis of Big Five intercorrelations and a criterion-related validity study", "A hierarchical analysis of 1,710 English personality-descriptive adjectives", Selection from the "Handbook of personality: Theory and research", "Regional personality differences in Great Britain", U.S. Master's. Second, sick people must want to get well. The sociology of health, illness, and health care: A critical approach (6th ed.). There of course are factors that influence a personality and these are called the determinants of personality. [6] The Marian reforms of 107 BC extended military eligibility to the urban poor, and henceforth the proletarii, as paid soldiers, became the backbone of the army, which later served as the decisive force in the fall of the Republic and the establishment of the Empire. WebSociologists analyze social phenomena at different levels and from different perspectives. [13] The age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland is 10; and 12 in Scotland,[14] formerly 8, which was the lowest age in Europe.[15][16][17]. If someone is driving drunk and smashes into a tree, there is much less sympathy than if the driver had been sober and skidded off the road in icy weather. Third, sick people are expected to have their illness confirmed by a physician or other health-care professional and to follow the professionals instructions in order to become well. Digman advanced his five-factor model of personality, which Lewis Goldberg extended to the highest level of organization. The proletarii constituted a social class of Roman citizens who owned little or no property. They possess high group visibility, like to talk, and assert themselves. [89] Contrary to some researchers who question whether children have stable personality traits, Big Five or otherwise,[90] most researchers contend that there are significant psychological differences between children that are associated with relatively stable, distinct, and salient behavior patterns.[73][74][76]. Want results you can see? 6-1 Scenario Activity: Is It Secure? [210], Though the effect sizes are small: Of the Big Five personality traits high Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Extraversion relate to general religiosity, while Openness relate negatively to religious fundamentalism and positively to spirituality. By 1983, experiments had demonstrated that the predictions of personality models correlated better with real-life behavior under stressful emotional conditions, as opposed to typical survey administration under neutral emotional conditions. It could be either rational or irrational. [183][184][185], Researchers have long suggested that work is more likely to be fulfilling to the individual and beneficial to society when there is alignment between the person and their occupation. [43]:189, Some diseases cause changes in personality. [172], Personality plays an important role in academic achievement. One code prevails in the family; another, on the street; a third, in the workshop or store; a fourth, in the religious association. Neuroticism is also negatively related to salary while conscientiousness and extraversion are positive predictors of salary. An example is the development of the diagnosis of ADHD, or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. WebA mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Paul Sackett and Philip Walmsley claim that conscientiousness and agreeableness are "important to success across many different jobs. In one series of studies, human ratings of chimpanzees using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire, revealed factors of extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness as well as an additional factor of dominance across hundreds of chimpanzees in zoological parks, a large naturalistic sanctuary, and a research laboratory. This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. [207][208] However, correlations between the Big Five and political beliefs, while present, tend to be small, with one study finding correlations ranged from 0.14 to 0.24. For this reason developmental psychologists generally interpret individual differences in children as an expression of temperament rather than personality. Dog Grooming Tips. [101] The disruption hypothesis, which proposes that biological, social, and psychological changes experienced during youth result in temporary dips in maturity, has been proposed to explain these findings.[89][101]. [145], In her review of the personality disorder literature published in 2007, Lee Anna Clark asserted that "the five-factor model of personality is widely accepted as representing the higher-order structure of both normal and abnormal personality traits". Results do not always replicate when run on other populations or in other languages. For the music festival of the same name, see, Gaines, Larry K and Roger Leroy Miller. Rank-order consistency indicates the relative placement of individuals within a group. Institutions, agency, and illness in the making of Tourette syndrome. The most frequently used measures of the Big Five comprise either items that are self-descriptive sentences[142] or, in the case of lexical measures, items that are single adjectives. The next most significant changes were an increase in Neuroticism and decrease in Extraversion, but Openness and Agreeableness were also decreased. In 1936, Gordon Allport and S. Odbert put Sir Francis Galton's hypothesis into practice by extracting 4,504 adjectives which they believed were descriptive of observable and relatively permanent traits from the dictionaries at that time. Marx argued that this oppression gives the proletariat common economic and political interests that transcend national boundaries, impelling them to unite and take over power from the capitalist class, and eventually to create a communist society free from class distinctions. E Partly to increase their incomes, physicians have tried to control the practice of medicine and to define social problems as medical problems. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening. Further, the relationship between openness and GPA was mediated by reflective learning styles (synthesis-analysis and elaborative processing). [103] Mean-level consistency indicates whether groups increase or decrease on certain traits throughout the lifetime. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as single episodes. Minors aged 16 or 17 who are charged with crimes could sometimes be treated as an adult. According to conflict theory, physicians have often sought to define various social problems as medical problems. the use of factor analysis as the exclusive paradigm for conceptualizing personality. WebHuman sexual activity, human sexual practice or human sexual behaviour is the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality.People engage in a variety of sexual acts, ranging from activities done alone (e.g., masturbation) to acts with another person (e.g., sexual intercourse, non-penetrative sex, oral sex, etc.) WebIndividual subscriptions and access to Questia are no longer available. WebOnline Library of Liberty The OLL is a curated collection of scholarly works that engage with vital questions of liberty. [68], Colin G. DeYoung et al. 3. Undergrad. So-called Crown stones were positioned every five miles and engraved with the Penn familys coat of arms on one side and the Calvert familys on the other. Scientific medicine has greatly improved the health of people around the world. [243], Surveys in studies are often online surveys of college students. [157] For example, the typical profile for heroin users is (, I often forget to put things back in their proper place. [vague][162] The Big Five personality traits also predict positive health outcomes. prefer to call neuroticism by the term emotional instability to differentiate it from the term neurotic in a career test. [177] Conscientiousness shows a positive association with the four learning styles because students with high levels of conscientiousness develop focused learning strategies and appear to be more disciplined and achievement-oriented. LaGrange & Silverman: 1999). The decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, Hello, and welcome to Protocol Entertainment, your guide to the business of the gaming and media industries. Such age limits are often different from the age of majority. WebAdultcentrism; Adultism; Ageism; Criminalization; Democracy; Ephebiphobia; Fear of children; Fear of youth; Intergenerational equity. WebStudyCorgi provides a huge database of free essays on a various topics . [173] This model asserts that students develop either agentic/shallow processing or reflective/deep processing. Spanning the centuries from Hammurabi to Hume, and collecting material on topics from art and economics to law and political theory, the OLL provides you with a rich variety of texts to explore and consider. [141] Other researchers have found evidence for agreeableness but not for other factors. 3. The death penalty for those who have committed a crime while under the age of 18 was discontinued by the U.S. Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons in 2005. Undergrad. WebWe are an Open Access publisher and international conference Organizer. WebThe overall purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between various family-related factors and crime. Why does your feline do what she does? Weve got you covered. A member of such a class is a proletarian.Marxist philosophy considers the proletariat to be exploited under capitalism, Individuals high in neurotic tendencies are less likely to display hopeful tendencies and are negatively associated with well-being. Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures", "Associations between birth order and personality traits: Evidence from self-reports and observer ratings", "Five-factor model (Big Five) personality traits and universal-diverse orientation in counselor trainees", "Comparison of the big-five factor structure across samples of Chinese and American adults", "Development and validation of an international English big-five mini-markers", "Toward a new approach to the study of personality in culture", "Personality profiles of cultures: aggregate personality traits", "Hofstede's Culture Dimensions: An Independent Validation Using Rokeach's Value Survey", "Personality-and-culture: The case of national extraversion and word-of-mouth", "Taxonomy and structure of Hungarian personality traits", "The Five-factor Personality Inventory as a measure of the Five-factor Model: Belgian, American, and Hungarian comparisons with the NEO-PI-R", "Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder: perennial issues and an emerging reconceptualization", "Temperament and arousal systems: A new synthesis of differential psychology and functional neurochemistry", "Benefits of Distinguishing between Physical and Social-Verbal Aspects of Behavior: An Example of Generalized Anxiety", "Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication", "Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions", "Personality and comorbidity of common psychiatric disorders", "Economic costs of neuroticism: a population-based study", "Linking "big" personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: a meta-analysis", "Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: a meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality", "The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes", "Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants", "Neuroticism and common mental disorders: meaning and utility of a complex relationship", "Five-factor personality dimensions and 3 health-related personality constructs as predictors of health", "The big five personality traits and reporting of health problems and health behaviour in old age", "Association of personality with the development and persistence of obesity: a meta-analysis based on individual-participant data", "The Big Five personality traits, learning styles, and academic achievement", "Do academically gifted and nongifted students differ on the Big-Five and adaptive status? 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