A 1999 album led by Allen, Song for the Sun, featured Jimmy Hopps and Dick Griffin. The key enabling technology, solid-state DC-RF power-processing, reached 98% efficiency. There is no dark side of the moon, other than the excellent album by Pink Floyd. The fuselage for their vehicles was made by Scaled Composites, at the same airport, while the company developed the novel engine design and rotary-wing landing system. In 1934, Blount was offered his first full-time musical job by Ethel Harper, his biology teacher from the high school, who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer. Corbett, John. In this era, Sun Ra began conducting using hand and body gestures. [19] During November 2010, long duration, full power firing tests were performed, reaching steady state operation for 25 seconds and validating basic design characteristics. Trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie offered encouragement, once stating, "Keep it up, Sonny, they tried to do the same shit to me,"[30] and pianist Thelonious Monk chided someone who said Sun Ra was "too far out" by responding, "Yeah, but it swings. Hippies accustomed to long-form psychedelia like the Grateful Dead were often bewildered by the Arkestra. Sun Ra was wary of the Bible, knowing that it had been used to justify slavery. Starting with concerts in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom in 1970, the Arkestra began to tour internationally. Playing for the big bands gave black musicians a sense of pride and togetherness, and they were highly regarded in the black community. By placing his band and performances in space and extraterrestrial environments Sun Ra built a world that was his own view of how the African diaspora connected. Thank you for your message. That's what they told me. SpaceX and most commercial launch companies are doing 'a'. Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians. It has 4 balsa fins that come with spruce to reinforce the edges of the balsa with. WebUkraine's nuclear company Energoatom said Russian troops occupying the plant have placed several Grad multiple rocket launchers near one of its six nuclear reactors. [citation needed], Between 1987 and 1991, an advanced engine design was studied under Project Timberwind, under the Strategic Defense Initiative, which was later expanded into a larger design in the Space Thermal Nuclear Propulsion (STNP) program. Control of the launch vehicle at the boost phase of launch along pitch and yaw axes is ensured by the deviation of the combustion chamber of the main engine. In any specific year, the chances are small for either catastrophe, but over a long time, the chances shift towards 100% likely. [citation needed]. Each rotor was powered by a 350-lbf (1,560 N) hydrogen peroxide tip jet, as intended for the orbital vehicle. The amount of contamination would depend on the size of the nuclear thermal rocket engine, while the zone of contamination and its concentration would be dependent on prevailing weather and orbital parameters at the time of re-entry. The following is a partial list of musical collaborators, and the eras when they played with Sun Ra or the Arkestra: The Outer Space Visual Communicator was a giant machine that was played with hands and feet to create light designs, similar to how musicians create and sound with their instruments. [6] In contrast, the conventional NEXT ion thruster produces 0.327 N with only 7.7kW, or 24kW/N. 2022 GPlusMedia Inc. WebPrerequisites. "One component (2010) of the project is the production of five flash mob street performances involving a marching band inspired by Sun Ra's Arkestra. [1], The VASIMR method for heating plasma was originally developed during nuclear fusion research. Without a human mission to Mars, the need for a nuclear thermal rocket is unclear. He attended Birmingham's segregated Industrial High School (now known as Parker High School), where he studied under music teacher John T. "Fess" Whatley, a demanding disciplinarian who was widely respected and whose classes produced many professional musicians. Finally, there is the third type of engine: VASIMR, short for Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket. [citation needed], NERVA NRX (Nuclear Rocket Experimental), started testing in September 1964. Perhaps the only economic benefit is jobs? On May 20, 1978, Sun Ra and the Arkestra appeared on the TV show Saturday Night Live (S3 E20). He directed while playing three synthesizers at the same time. [6] Electrically speaking, NEXT is almost twice as efficient, and successfully completed a 48,000 hours (5.5 years) test in December 2009. Initially focused on 45 rpm singles by Sun Ra and artists related to him, Saturn Records issued two full-length albums during the 1950s: Super-Sonic Jazz (1957) and Jazz In Silhouette (1959). Jim Macnie's notes for Blue Delight (1989) said that Sun Ra was believed to be about 75years old. In the mid-1970s, the Arkestra sometimes played free Saturday afternoon concerts in a Germantown park near their home. (14 January 1947) "Nuclear Powered Flight", APL/JEU-TG-20. In January, he was admitted to Princeton Baptist Medical Center, suffering from congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, strokes, circulatory problems, and other serious maladies. Blount absorbed it all and was fascinated with the city's many ancient Egyptian-styled buildings and monuments. I hope to see a Mars colony, at least a short-term colony for a year or two there in my life. The film opens with Sun Ra on a distant planet, where the music and vibrations are much different from Earth where the air is filled with the sounds of guns, anger and frustration. The thermal output of 70 MW at an exhaust temperature of 2683 K was generated. In the late 1950s, Sun Ra and his band began to wear outlandish, Egyptian-styled or science fiction-themed costumes and headdresses. WebLe Sony'r Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, May 22, 1914 May 30, 1993), better known as Sun Ra, was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, and poet known for his experimental music, "cosmic" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances.For much of his career, Ra led "The Arkestra", an ensemble with an ever The University of Chicago has an extensive collection of Sun Ra's works and personal items in the Special Collections Research Center at the Regenstein Library. [10] He speculated, only half in jest, that he was distantly related to Elijah Poole, later known as Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam. But they also hoped to galvanize public opinion, elevate market understanding of the significance of commercial space, and ultimately inspire a new breed of space entrepreneurs and investors - including Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos, and Paul Allen. Construction: The kit comes with the pre slotted main body tube, a "payload" section, and 2 motor tubes. Sun Ra's music in this era was often tightly arranged and sometimes reminiscent of Duke Ellington's, Count Basie's, or other important swing music ensembles. 0. In an appeal to the national draft board, Blount wrote that the lack of black men on the draft appeal board "smacks of Hitlerism. [citation needed]. [4], VASIMR does not use electrodes; instead, it magnetically shields plasma from most hardware parts, thus eliminating electrode erosion, a major source of wear in ion engines. The Roton flew three test flights and a composite propellant tank survived a full test program. Some believe these influenced the elements Sun Ra incorporated in his later stage shows. The 322-foot (98-meter) SLS is the most powerful rocket ever built by NASA, with more thrust than either the space shuttle or the mighty Saturn V that carried men to the moon. In 19781980 performances, Sun Ra added a large electronic creation, the Outerspace Visual Communicator, which produced images rather than sounds; this was performed at a keyboard by its inventor, Bill Sebastian. This embodiment of the narrative allowed him to demonstrate black nationalism as a counternarrative to the present culture. Rotary took the somewhat radical approach of pricing its services based on the market, rather than based on its costs. This was theoretically a good way to survive reentry, particularly for a lightweight reusable vehicle. The collection was assembled by Ra's business manager Alton Abraham and is open to the public upon request. By the end of the Roton program, some hardware had been built and tested. The album consisted primarily of instrumental variations on the Batman Theme and public domain classical music, with an uncredited female vocalist singing the "Robin Theme."[32][33]. Founded and headquartered in Silicon Valley, from the beginning Rotary Rocket Company took a decidedly novel approach to the aerospace industry. "[20] Sonny's refusal to join the military deeply embarrassed his family, and many relatives ostracized him. Notable titles from this period include The Magic City, Cosmic Tones for Mental Therapy, When Sun Comes Out, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One, Atlantis, Secrets of the Sun and Other Planes of There. As Hall has put it, 'In this era of 'practical' things men ridicule even the existence of God. CERN-SL-Note-2000-036-EET, 2000, Augelli, M., G. F. Bignami, and G. Genta; "Project 242: Fission fragments direct heating for space propulsion Programme synthesis and applications to space exploration" Acta Astronautica 82.2 (2013): 153-158, Davis, Eric W. "Advanced propulsion study" Warp Drive Metrics, 2004, Cesana, Alessandra, et al. Fission-fragment rocket using 242mAm was proposed by George Chapline[34] at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 1988, who suggested propulsion based on the direct heating of a propellant gas by fission fragments generated by a fissile material. It is a plasma propulsion engine, one of several types of spacecraft electric propulsion systems. Wired - Insanely Great? If all goes well A Tokyo company aimed for the moon with its own private lander Sunday, blasting off atop a SpaceX rocket with the United Arab Emirates' first lunar rover and a toylike robot from Japan. Technology's news site of record. The Wisdom of Sun Ra: Sun Ra's Polemical Broadsheets and Streetcorner Leaflets, was published in book form in 2005, by WhiteWalls. [44] In 2019, it was announced that the Arkestra would perform at Portland, Oregon's Hollywood Theater for three nights on July 14, 15, and 16. In Chicago, Blount quickly found work, notably with blues singer Wynonie Harris, with whom he made his recording debut on two 1946 singles, Dig This Boogie/Lightning Struck the Poorhouse,[23] and My Baby's Barrelhouse/Drinking By Myself. Despite their planned management of money, the costs of New York eventually became too high and motivated the group to move to Philadelphia. It does seem a bit of a vague reason for a $93 billion outlay. Nuclear systems powered by 242mAm require less fuel by a factor of 2 to 100 compared to conventional nuclear fuels. For the hip hop artist also known as Sun R. A., see, Szwed (1999): according to author Norman Mailer writing in 1956, quoted on page 154: "a friend took me to hear a jazz musician named Sun Ra who played 'space music'." In the summer of 2004 the Arkestra became the first American jazz band to perform in Tuva, in southern Siberia, where they played five sets at the Ustuu-Huree Festival.[42]. They continued touring for several months before dissolving as unprofitable. James's Stolen Legacy (which argued that classical Greek philosophy had its roots in ancient Egypt). The reactor was positioned on a railroad car in the Jackass Flats area of the Nevada Test Site. [52] In historical ground testing, NTRs proved to be at least twice as efficient as the most advanced chemical engines, which would allow for quicker transfer time and increased cargo capacity. Sun Ra lived out his beliefs of Afrofuturism in his daily life by embodying the movement not only in his music, but also in his clothes and actions. Sun Ra was disciplined and drank only club soda at the gigs, but did not impose his strict code on his musicians. Blount responded that if inducted, he would use military weapons and training to kill the first high-ranking military officer possible. The revised and redesigned Roton concept was a cone-shaped launch vehicle, with a folded rotary wing on top for use only during landing. An internal cargo bay could be used both for carrying payloads to orbit and bringing others back to Earth. In these engines, a neutral, inert propellant is ionized and heated using radio waves. WebRotary Rocket Company was an aerospace company in the late 1990s. ), Sun Ra and the Arkestra moved to New York City in the fall of 1961. This system inspired cornetist Butch Morris, who later developed his own more highly refined way to conduct improvisers. Formally, a string is a finite, ordered sequence of characters such as letters, digits or spaces. Ad Astra Rocket Company 141 West Bay Area Blvd. High praise, however, came from two of the architects of bebop. [50], Current solid-core nuclear thermal rocket designs are intended to greatly limit the dispersion and break-up of radioactive fuel elements in the event of a catastrophic failure. Debbie Harry, The Velvet Underground's John Cale and Nico (from Andy Warhol's Factory days), John Lurie and The Lounge Lizards, and other pop and avant-garde musicians were regulars. Rotary Rocket ceased engine development in 2000, reportedly two weeks before a full-scale test was due, and the company closed in 2001.[15]. At TRW, he led development of the TR-106 liquid rocket engine. Trouvez aussi des offres spciales sur votre htel, votre location de voiture et votre assurance voyage. In the late 1980s the Arkestra performed a concert at Walt Disney World. The final, diverging, section of the engine contains an expanding magnetic field that ejects the ions and electrons from the engine at velocities as great as 50,000m/s (180,000km/h). WebGet breaking MLB Baseball News, our in-depth expert analysis, latest rumors and follow your favorite sports, leagues and teams with our live updates. They wanted to talk with me. VASIMR is a type of electrothermal plasma thruster/electrothermal magnetoplasma thruster. SNPO fired NERVA NRX/XE twenty-eight times in March 1968. In early 1971, Sun Ra was appointed as artist-in-residence at University of California, Berkeley, teaching a course called The Black Man In the Cosmos. [63] DARPA has awarded 2 contracts for their Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations (DRACO) program, which aims to demonstrate a nuclear thermal propulsion system in orbit: one award in September 2020 to Gryphon Technologies for US$14 million,[63] and another award in April 2021 to General Atomics for US$22 million, both for preliminary designs for the reactor. The final engine in this series was the XE, designed with flight representative hardware and fired into a low-pressure chamber to simulate a vacuum. Bevin McKinney had been thinking about the idea of a launch vehicle using helicopter blades for several years, when Wired magazine asked Gary Hudson to write an article on the concept. The saxophonist Danny Ray Thompson became a de facto tour and business manager during this era, specializing in what he called "no bullshit C.O.D.,"[34] preferring to take cash before performing or delivering records. The timing of the venture was unfortunate: the Iridium Communications venture was nearing bankruptcy, and the space industry in general was experiencing financial stress. Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket, On top of that, any power generation technology will produce waste heat. One of their songs from their premiere album Kick Out the Jams (1969) featured a track called Starship, which was based on a poem by Ra. That application had a much smaller base area, and did not create the suction effect a larger peripheral engine induces. The Roton engine had a projected vacuum I SP (specific impulse) of ~355 seconds (3.48 km/s), which is very high for a LOX/kerosene engine and a thrust to The ATV would climb to an altitude 10,000ft (3,050 m) under its own power, before throttling back and returning for a soft landing. Unlike the landing rotor, due to the shallow angle of the nozzles in the base rotor, the rotation speed self limited and required no control system. If a rocket has a higher specific impulse, it needs less propellant to gain altitude, distance, and speed. Abraham's strengths balanced Ra's shortcomings: though he was a disciplined bandleader, Sun Ra was somewhat introverted and lacked business sense (a trait that haunted his entire career). This theme was echoed at the dedication ceremony that took place during the Veterans' Day celebration on November 11, at which Brian Binnie was the keynote speaker. U.S. sports platform Fanatics has raised $700 million in a new financing round led by private equity firm Clearlake Capital, valuing Fanatics at $31 billion. Company Intelligence. After the move to New York, Sun Ra and company plunged headlong into the experimentalism that they had only hinted at in Chicago. Fax: +81 3 5829 5919 The series all generated 1100 MW, and many of the tests concluded only when the test-stand ran out of hydrogen propellant. For decades, very little was known about Sun Ra's early life, and he contributed to its mystique. It survived a test program which involved it being pressure cycled and ultimately deliberately shot to test its ignition sensitivity. VASIMR experiment 10 (VX-10) in 1998 achieved a helicon RF plasma discharge of up to 10kW and VX-25 in 2002 of up to 25kW. In-depth natural science news. https://www.wsj.com/articles/pandemic-amnesty-authoritarian-impulse-covid-government-11667839766. In March 1966, the Arkestra secured a regular Monday night gig at Slug's Saloon. All of the parts used to make up the launch system have been developed by Skyrora, with the majority of these parts having already undergone successful testing and now in operation, the remaining parts are undergoing the latter stages of testing. [28] Ad Astra anticipates conducting 100kW power level tests in the second half of 2021. The necessary 200 megawatt reactor "with a power-to-mass density of 1,000 watts per kilogram" (Daz quote) would require extremely efficient radiators to avoid the need for "football-field sized radiators" (Zubrin quote). 242mAm requires only 1% of the mass of 235U or 239Pu to reach its critical state. DePaul University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, religion, sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, pregnancy, parental status, family relationship status, physical or mental disability, military status, genetic information or other status protected Sun Ra's system had distinct Gnostic leanings,[58] arguing that the god of most monotheistic religions was not the creator god, not the ultimate god, but a lesser, evil being. n [32], Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket, electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRESS TOWARD THE VASIMR ENGINE", "NASA Thruster Achieves World-Record 5+ Years of Operation", "NEXT Provides Lasting Propulsion and High Speeds for Deep Space Missions", "VASIMR Performance Measurements at Powers Exceeding 50 kW and Lunar Robotic Mission Applications", "High Power VASIMR Experiments using Deuterium, Neon and Argon", "Ad Astra's VX-100 test bed achieves record plasma performance", "Recent Improvements In Ionization Costs And Ion Cyclotron Heating Efficiency In The VASIMR Engine", "An Overview of the High Power Electric Propulsion (HiPEP) Project", "VASIMR VX-200 first stage achieves full power rating", "VASIMR VX-200 reaches 200kW power milestone", "Video of VASIMR VX-200 firing for 25 seconds at full power rating", "NASA Announces New Partnerships with U.S. Industry for Key Deep-Space Capabilities", "Ad Astra Rocket Company wins major NASA advanced propulsion contract", "Ad Astra Rocket Company successfully completes all NASA NextStep Contract Milestones for year one, receives NASA approval to proceed with year two", "Ad Astra Rocket Company successfully completes all NASA NextStep Contract Milestones for year two, receives NASA approval to proceed with year three", "Aethera's New RF Power Processing Unit for the VASIMR Engine Successfully Completes Full Power Vacuum and Magnetic Field Tests at Ad Astra Rocket Company's Texas Facility", "Ad Astra Rocket Company shatters power and endurance record in recent tests of the VASIMR VX-200SS plasma rocket", "VASIMR VX-200SS plasma rocket completes record 88-hour high power endurance test", "Plasma Rocket May Be Tested at Space Station". During flight, the onboard control system operates guidance algorithms to correct the flight course when any disturbance factors occur. By the age of 11 or 12, he was composing[12] and sight reading music. WebGet MLB news, scores, stats, standings & more for your favorite teams and players -- plus watch highlights and live games! Control of the launch vehicle at the boost phase of launch along the roll axis and control of the pitch and yaw at the coast stage of launch is ensured by the roll control system. Since the density of the LOX (liquid oxygen) was higher than that of the kerosene, extra pressure was available with the LOX, so it would cool the engine's throat and other components, rather than using the kerosene as the coolant as in a conventional LOX/kerosene rocket. WebThe Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) is an electrothermal thruster under development for possible use in spacecraft propulsion.It uses radio waves to ionize and heat an inert propellant, forming a plasma, then a magnetic field to confine and accelerate the expanding plasma, generating thrust.It is a plasma propulsion engine, one Although it isnt clear that those disputes are over, I recently saw more masks in our local coffee shop in California than I did in a month of traveling in Scandinavia. Blount afterward found steady employment as a musician in Birmingham. WebAnd our vertically-integrated company structure allows tight cost control along with rapid design and operational improvements. Real jet packs have been developed using a variety of mechanisms, but their uses are much more limited than their [24], On October 20, 1952, Blount legally changed his name to Le Sony'r Ra. The company is building a giant spacecraft, Starship, with that goal in mind. In court, Blount said that alternate service was unacceptable; he debated the judge on points of law and Biblical interpretation. Especially batteries. The empty string is the special case where the sequence has length zero, so there are no symbols in the string. Christina is the life of the party. They respected his discipline and authority. Country Assessments VIDEX 2022: Russian company positions 9A52-4 rocket system for regional requirements. Ra was one of the first jazz leaders to use two double basses, to employ the electric bass, to play electronic keyboards, to use extensive percussion and polyrhythms, to explore modal music and to pioneer solo and group freeform improvisations. Since Astra is a rather secretive company, they have not released any technical information about their engines, such as ISP (Specific Impulse), TWR (Thrust to Weight Ratio), or combustion chamber pressure. Recordings made in Egypt were released as Live in Egypt, Nidhamu, Sun Ra Meets Salah Ragab, Egypt Strut and Horizon.[36][37][38]. "[61], Sun Ra's philosophy can be further understood in viewing his film Space is the Place. When lightning struck a tree on their street, Sun Ra took it as a good omen. However, using water as a coolant would require converting it into superheated steam, at high temperatures and pressures, and there were concerns about micrometeorite damage on orbit puncturing the pressure vessel, causing the reentry shield to fail. A subway rider passes ads for face masks at Times Square station in New York, Nov. 14, 2020. The influence of Sun Ra can be seen throughout many aspects of black music. BY Matt Whittaker. John Burks of Rolling Stone wrote a positive review of a San Jose State College concert. The Roton was intended to reduce costs of launching payloads into low earth orbit by a factor of ten. Blount had few or no close friends in high school but was remembered as kind-natured and quiet, an honor roll student, and a voracious reader. "), At the rim, 96 miniature jets would exhaust the burning propellants (LOX and kerosene) around the rim of the base of the vehicle, which gained the vehicle extra thrust at high altitude acting as a zero-length truncated aerospike nozzle. Join the leaders of English Education for Children in Japan! WebFormal theory. According to the Bob Moog Foundation: "Sun Ra first met Robert Moog after Downbeat journalist and Sun Ra acquaintance Tam Fiofori arranged for a visit to Moogs factory in Trumansburg in the Fall of 1969.it was during this visit that Moog loaned Sun Ra a prototype Minimoog (Model B), several months before the commercial instrument (Model D) was introduced in March 1970. [55][56][57][58] NTR engines, such as the Pewee of Project Rover, were selected in the Mars Design Reference Architecture (DRA). SING WHORE SING. He performed with the locally successful Lil Green band and played bump-and-grind music for months in Calumet City strip clubs. The $2.8 million ATV was not intended as an all-up test article, since it had no rocket engine and no heat shielding. Sun Ra was personally responsible for the vast majority of the constant changes in the Arkestra's lineup. It has been sent. December 5, 2022. Szwed says that, "even if this story is revisionist autobiography Sonny was pulling together several strains of his life. After his beloved great-aunt Ida died in 1945, Blount felt no reason to stay in Birmingham. The Earth is a death trap. Newton's laws are often stated in terms of point or particle masses, that is, bodies whose volume is negligible. Really inspirational, and the research potential is infinite. A number of Sun Ra's 1970s concerts are available on CD, but none have received a wide release in comparison to his earlier music. He became the Arkestra's biggest booster and one of Sun Ra's closest friends. This initial version of the Roton had been designed with the small communications satellite market in mind. [37][38], It has a very high cross section for fission, and if in a nuclear reactor is destroyed relatively quickly. Regularly for the next year and a half (and intermittently for another half-decade afterwards), Sun Ra and company performed at Slug's for audiences that eventually came to include music critics and leading jazz musicians. Sun Ra claimed[25] to have always been uncomfortable with his birth name of Blount. b) Analyze, overspend, hope to get it right the first time, fix what is discovered wrong, Repeat. "[49], Seeking to broaden his compositional possibilities, Sun Ra insisted all band members double on various percussion instruments predating world music by drawing on various ethnic musical forms and most saxophonists became multireedists, adding instruments such as flutes, oboes, or clarinets to their arsenals. SHOT 1 45 OA. Combustion temperature. However, we should really be discussing the strength of governments authoritarian impulses and how quickly we relinquished our rights. The implication of that was that the blades went from a lightly heated piece of hardware to one that either had to be actively cooled or made of SiC or other refractory material. On May 1, 1958 these plans were dropped as a decision was made to proceed directly to orbital flights. Some of these channels were filled with uranium fuel, others with a moderator, and some were left open as a gas channel. The artist's mission is to "teleport the whole planet through music", but his attempts are often misunderstood by his supposed converts. Matter of fact, it's all dark. Other aspects of the flight plan remained unproven, including whether Roton could have developed sufficient performance to reach orbit with a single stage and return although on paper this was clearly possible. The last NRX firing lost 17kg (38lb) of nuclear fuel in 2 hours of testing, which was judged sufficient for space missions by SNPO. He was eventually approved for alternate service at Civilian Public Service camp in Pennsylvania, but he did not appear at the camp as required on December 8, 1942. Franklin Chang-Diaz, Ph.D. "Agreement to Commercialize Advanced NASA Rocket Concept; Former Astronaut Franklin Chang-Diaz to Lead Effort", "Rocket scientist Franklin Chang Diaz talks about finding the power and propulsion required to colonize space", Technical Paper: Rapid Mars Transits with Exhaust-Modulated Plasma Propulsion (PDF), Variable-Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (Tech Brief), Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory: VASIMR, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rocket&oldid=1115097674, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with failed verification from April 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 October 2022, at 20:18. As of July 2019, the Arkestra continues to tour and perform. It appears as though the planned 200kW design is being run at 100kW for reasons that are not mentioned in the press release. "[64], Sun Ra is considered to be an early pioneer of the Afrofuturism movement due to his music, writings and other works.[65]. He did forestry work as assigned during the day and was allowed to play piano at night. The footstone reads "Herman Sonny Blount aka Le Sony'r Ra". s/kg), and it was planned to increase this to 975 seconds, achieving a mass fraction of about 0.74, compared with 0.86 for the Space Shuttle main engine (SSME), one of the best conventional engines. Durham: Duke UP, 1994. [23], In August 2016, Ad Astra announced completion of the milestones for the first year of its 3-year contract with NASA. A mix of what's trending on our other sites. [67][68], Sun Ra was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1979. The judge sentenced Blount to jail (pending draft board and CPS rulings), and then said, "I've never seen a nigger like you before." It is often difficult to tell where compositions end and improvisations begin. WebA jet pack, rocket belt, or rocket pack is a device worn on the back which uses jets of gas or liquid to propel the wearer through the air. Ra immediately added the instrument to his repertoire of keyboards, later acquired a second, and featured the Minimoog prominently on many of his recordings of the early 1970s."[50][51]. The corrugations were lined up so that the resulting stack had channels running from the inside to the outside. The resulting system was lighter than a conventional design for any particular amount of fuel. Many of the Arkestra cite Sun Ra's teachings as pivotal and for inspiring such long-term devotion to the music that they knew would never make them much money. News Corp is a global, diversified media and information services company focused on creating and distributing authoritative and engaging content and other products and services. US Congress doesn't allow NASA to work with China. The SLS isn't just America. The company developed the Roton launch vehicle as a fully reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) piloted spacecraft. Well China has quietly been doing something on the dark side of the moon, so there has to be potential up there. [12] However, this test was not performed. In the 1970s Sun Ra took a liking to the films of Walt Disney. For non-personal use or to order multiple copies, please contact The resulting plasma is then accelerated with magnetic fields to generate thrust. Opinions of Sun Ra's music were divided (and hecklers were not uncommon). The judge ruled that Blount was violating the law and was at risk for being drafted into the U.S. military. Dow Jones Reprints at 1-800-843-0008 or visit www.djreprints.com. Another problem would be public concerns about safety and radioactive contamination. [13][15] In contrast, 2009 state-of-the-art, proven ion engine designs such as NASA's High Power Electric Propulsion (HiPEP) operated at 80% total thruster/PPU energy efficiency. They have forgotten the path which leads beyond the stars.'[26]. However, as with all test programs, these tests revealed challenges that required iteration. [69], The Sun Ra Repatriation Project was started in 2008 with the aim of using interplanetary communication with a view to facilitating Sun Ra's return to planet Earth. People who whine about the cost have no vision and thus are irrelevant to dreaming big dreams. (Blount also said that the incident happened when he was living in Chicago, where he did not settle until the late 1940s). Available on mp3 and wav at the worlds largest store for DJs. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission. The ATV flew three successful test flights in 1999. Sun Ra had a stroke in 1990, but kept composing, performing, and leading the Arkestra. Ra, Abraham and others formed a sort of book club to trade ideas and discuss the offbeat topics that so intrigued them. Detroit's MC5 played a handful of shows with Sun Ra and were influenced by his works immensely. Two additional tests of the basic concept, A1 and A3, added coatings to the plates to test fuel rod concepts. Use your Facebook account to login or register with JapanToday. It was fired several times at 500 MW to test coatings made of zirconium carbide (instead of niobium carbide) but Pewee also increased the power density of the system. And in a decidedly male-dominated industry, fully half of its management team were women. It is, unarguably MAGA though, so you'll love it when the boys play golf up there again. I could see through myself. The space agency is aiming to send four astronauts around the moon on the next flight, in 2024, and land humans there as early as 2025. Detailed analysis of 242mAm breeding in existing pressurized water reactors (PWRs) was provided. The purpose of the oxidiser fuel filling system is to provide short-term storage of oxidiser; to fill the launch vehicle with itself with oxidiser; and to drain oxidiser from the launch vehicle. If you want to call it that, spell it p-h-r-e, because ph is a definite article and re is the name of the sun. Fear overcame reason with astonishing speed. From NASA - Were going back to the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for a new generation of explorers: the Artemis Generation. Regeneratively cooled liquid rocket engine using a pressure fed system. During this tour, Damon Choice, then an art student at San Jose, joined the Arkestra and became its vibraphonist. For much of his career, Ra led "The Arkestra", an ensemble with an ever-changing name and flexible line-up. "Design of particle bed reactors for the space nuclear thermal propulsion program" Progress in Nuclear Energy 30.1 (1996): 1-65, Ronen, Y., and G. Raitses. He drew on sources as diverse as the Kabbalah, Rosicrucianism, channeling, numerology, Freemasonry, Ancient Egyptian Mysticism, and Black nationalism. Environment Space travel is heating upand so are rocket fuel emissions. [40] He died in the hospital on May 30, 1993, and was buried at the Elmwood Cemetery. Reportedly, the company had been unable to convince investors that its engine design was viable; the composite structure and gyrocopter reentry was an easier sell.[8]. Szwed (1997), p. 219; emphasis in original. A rocket is a pyrotechnic firework made out of a paper tube packed with gunpowder that is propelled into the air. Viewed in this light, Rotary Rocket Company was one of the most important steps in humankinds ascension to commercial space. [2] The resulting article led to a commitment of funding from billionaire Walt Anderson, which was combined with an initial investment from author Tom Clancy[3] and allowed the company to get started. WebHearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. The X Prize itself was funded using an unconventional funding model developed and introduced by Rotary Rocket's finance team. WebHearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. [4] The second phase of the engine is a strong solenoid-configuration electromagnet that channels the ionized plasma, acting as a convergent-divergent nozzle like the physical nozzle in conventional rocket engines. Blount left college because, he claimed, he had a visionary experience as a college student that had a major, long-term influence on him. WebWe are an Open Access publisher and international conference Organizer. [39] Janos, their manager, transformed the theater into a nightclub while most of the troupe was away that season performing in Europe. [56][57][59][60], In 2017, NASA continued research and development on NTRs, designing for space applications with civilian approved materials, with a three-year, US$18.8 million contract. The purpose of the fuel filling system is to allow the location of the launch site to be changed; to provide short-term storage of fuel; to fill the launch vehicle itself with fuel; and to drain fuel from the launch vehicle. The city was a center of African-American political activism and fringe movements, with Black Muslims, Black Hebrews, and others proselytizing, debating, and printing leaflets or books. As a result of the industry's origins in defense contracting, industry practice was to price launches on a "cost + fixed fee" basis; perhaps unsurprisingly, this had the tendency to drive costs higher, and made launch prices unpredictable for customers. Tam Fiofori, "Sun Ra: Myth, Music & Media". [30], As of January 2012, the propulsion group for Project Icarus was studying an NTR propulsion system.[31]. The higher it is, the smaller the volume required by the engine and fuel system. [citation needed], As of 2010, Ad Astra Rocket Company (AARC) was responsible for VASIMR development, signing the first Space Act Agreement on 23 June 2005 to privatize VASIMR technology. Another report claims that 242mAm can sustain a chain reaction even as a thin film, and could be used for a novel type of nuclear rocket. According to contrabassist Jiunie Booth, a member of the Arkestra, Sun Ra did not confront any musician whose performance he was unsatisfied with. Also fantastic that humans are once again going to be adventuring in space - as exciting as the ISS is, there's nothing like a moon mission to get the imagination going just wish we had space wheels and space planes zooming about. The Arkestra continued their touring and recording through the 1980s and into the 1990s. Apart from occasional complaints about the noise of rehearsals, they were soon regarded as good neighbors because of their friendliness, drug-free living, and rapport with youngsters. [27] A second test, conducted from July 12 to 16, successfully ran the engine for 88 hours at a power level of 80kW. Perhaps, but doubtful. The ATV was rolled out of its Mojave hangar on March 1, 1999, bearing an FAA registry of N990RR. In September 2008 they played for 7 days in a row at the ZXZW festival, each day emphasizing different aspects of the musical legacy of Sun Ra. Sun Ra moved into a house on Morton Street that became the Arkestra's base of operations until his death. [64] Currently, DARPA is in the next phase of soliciting proposals for the design, development, fabrication, and assembly of the engine. The second component of the project is a full-length video that chronicles the urban legends of Sun Ras time in Chicago as well as the contemporary artists who live and work in this city". According to Szwed, the musician's closest associates cannot date the story any earlier than 1952. Apparently, the dogma lives loudly within many. [45] On October 22, 2021, they performed at the BRIC JazzFest in Downtown Brooklyn. They talked to me. [43], In 2000, Carlo Rubbia at CERN further extended the work by Ronen [44] and Chapline[45] on a Fission-fragment rocket using 242mAm as a fuel. A three-stage, small satellite launch vehicle intended to place payloads into Sun-Synchronous Orbit, A single-stage guided suborbital launch vehicle, A two-stage hybrid suborbital launch vehicle. [8][9], New problems also emerge with VASIMR, such as interaction with strong magnetic fields and thermal management. NASA still does aeronautic research, so higher efficiency aircraft (electric, faster, and long duration) can all be traced back to NASA research and/or funding. NERVA NRX/XE produced the baseline 334kN (75,000lbf) thrust that Marshall Space Flight Center required in Mars mission plans. The remaining 170kW of power was allocated for acceleration of plasma in the second part of the engine, via ion cyclotron resonance heating. In the mid-1950s, Sun Ra and Abraham formed an independent record label that was generally known as El Saturn Records. ", Dornheim, Michael A., "Roton Test Craft Rolled Out. Le Sony'r Ra[3] (born Herman Poole Blount, May 22, 1914 May 30, 1993), better known as Sun Ra, was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, and poet known for his experimental music, "cosmic" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances. By doing so, you will also receive an email inviting you to receive our news alerts. Several members of the Arkestra have toured with NRBQ over the years, including Pat Patrick, Marshall Allen, Knoel Scott, Tyrone Hill and Danny Thompson. Thank you for your message. He soon abandoned his birth name, taking the name Le Sony'r Ra, shortened to Sun Ra (after Ra, the Egyptian god of the Sun). Its performances often included dancers and musicians dressed in elaborate, futuristic costumes inspired by ancient Egyptian attire and the Space Age. Just like you teach your kids how to camp - first in the living room, then in the back yard, then at a local campground, and only then in the mountains 2+ hours away from anything, we need to learn to live in space, on different bodies, planets, and eventually around other stars. A 1975 show concert by the Arkestra in Cleveland featured an early lineup of Devo as the opening act. But Szwed was able to uncover a wealth of information about his early life and confirmed a birth date of May 22, 1914. Music critics and jazz historians say some of his best work was recorded during this period and it is also some of his most accessible music. The helicon discharge used 30kW of radio waves to turn argon gas into plasma. Sun Ra discussed the vision, with no substantive variation, to the end of his life. our Subscriber Agreement and by copyright law. [35] demonstrate that 242mAm can maintain sustained nuclear fission as an extremely thin metallic film, less than 1/1000 of a millimeter thick. So I play phre music music of the sun. Once the air density thinned to the point that rotary-wing flight was impractical, the vehicle would continue its ascent on pure rocket power, with the rotor acting as a giant turbopump.[5]. By his mid-teens, Blount was performing semi-professionally as a solo pianist, or as a member of various ad hoc jazz and R&B groups. (Similar problems would have occurred in a conventional aerospike engine, but there, natural recirculation plus use of the turbopump gas-generator's exhaust as the makeup gas would have largely alleviated the problem "for free. Nobody can know what will be learned from space exploration until we do it. One half-hour of each class was devoted to a lecture (complete with handouts and homework assignments), the other half-hour to an Arkestra performance or Sun Ra keyboard solo. ", This page was last edited on 23 August 2022, at 21:12. Every aspect of the Sun Ra experience, from business practices like Saturn Records to published collections of poetry to his 35-year career in music, is a manifestation of his equations. WebOur Commitment to Anti-Discrimination. So I leave the word space open, like space is supposed to be." "Some Considerations on 242 m Am Production in Thermal Reactors" Nuclear technology 148.1 (2004): 97-101, Benetti, P., et al. Well, by that definition the earth is dark too. Sun Ra seeks to elevate humanity beyond their current earthbound state, tied to outmoded conceptions of life and death when the potential future of immortality awaits them. In June 1999, Rotary Rocket announced that it would use a derivative of the Fastrac engine under development at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, instead of the company's own unconventional spinning engine design. At this point, the company planned to begin its commercial launch service sometime in 2001. America still dreaming the big dreams. When the Soyuz trim system failed and it went full ballistic, the G levels did rise significantly but without incident to the passengers. According to Szwed,[63] Sun Ra's view of his relationship to black people and black cultures "changed drastically" over time. Thus multiple engines would be needed at the base as well as at the rotor tips. In 1970 he said: I couldn't approach black people with the truth because they like lies. Unfortunately, later versions of this initial Roton vehicle were never built, which might have allowed the design to be refined. The initial plan was to have them almost vertical, but that was found to be unstable as they needed to drop lower and lower and spin faster for stability, the heating rates went up dramatically and the air flow became more head on. We have already landed rovers on Mars that can explore that planet. [citation needed], KIWI was the first to be fired, starting in July 1959 with KIWI 1. [71] Her project "The Solar Flare Arkestral Marching Band" includes several components related to Sun Ra. A water-cooled system is known as NF-1 (for Nuclear Furnace) used Pewee 2's fuel elements for future materials testing, showing a factor of 3 reductions in fuel corrosion still further. A significant portion of that 40% was waste heat (see energy conversion efficiency). WebRservez des vols pas chers sur easyJet.com vers les plus grandes villes d'Europe. A little antenna over each eye. It offered insurance benefits to the domestic partners of its LGBT employees a decade before the rest of the industry followed suit. Thus, there was no overall gain from this method during ascent. The Special Collections Research Center has also repeatedly exhibited Sun Ra's work. In July 2021, Ad Astra announced the completion of a record-breaking test for the engine, running it for 28 hours at a power level of 82.5kW. "Brothers From Another Planet." A special feature of this years event: get interviewed on the spot and possibly get a job in one day! Mantenha-se ao corrente das ltimas notcias da poltica europeia, da economia e do desporto na euronews By varying the amount of RF heating energy and plasma, VASIMR is claimed to be capable of generating either low-thrust, highspecific impulse exhaust or relatively high-thrust, lowspecific impulse exhaust. In his teenage years, Blount demonstrated prodigious musical talent: many times, according to acquaintances, he went to big band performances and then produced full transcriptions of the bands' songs from memory. From the mid-1950s until his death, Ra led the musical collective The Arkestra (which featured artists such as Marshall Allen, John Gilmore and June Tyson throughout its various iterations). [4] Throughout his life he denied ties to his prior identity saying, "Any name that I use other than Ra is a pseudonym. Henderson hired Blount as pianist and arranger, replacing Marl Young. This flight consisted of three vertical hops totaling 4 min 40 sec in duration and reaching a maximum altitude of 8ft (2.4 m). The Chicago tenor Von Freeman also did a short stint with the band of the early 1950s.[28]. [citation needed]. Good flick. Continue reading your article witha WSJ membership, Already a member? Much of the remaining 40% is secondary ionizations from plasma crossing magnetic field lines and exhaust divergence. No other space program does 'b'. In fact, Gilmore is often criticized for staying with Sun Ra for over forty years when he could have been a strong leader in his own right. There will be no shortage of vitriolic recrimination about who was right and who was wrong during two-and-a-half years of Covid disputes (.css-1h1us5y-StyledLink{color:var(--interactive-text-color);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1h1us5y-StyledLink:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}Now They Want a Pandemic Amnesty, Review & Outlook, Nov. 2). Dumbo was similar to KIWI/NERVA in concept, but used more advanced construction techniques to lower the weight of the reactor. It is the total impulse that is produced by a unit of propellant as it is consumed. The Dumbo reactor consisted of several large barrel-like tubes, which were in turn constructed of stacked plates of corrugated material. Japan Producer Tom Wilson was the first to release a Sun Ra album, through his independent label Transition Records in 1957, entitled Jazz by Sun Ra. The soundtrack, also by Sun Ra, is available on CD. Though still a teenager, Abraham eventually became Sun Ra's de facto business manager: he booked performances, suggested musicians for the Arkestra, and introduced several popular songs into the group's repertoire. [42] Proliferation resistance of 242mAm was reported by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 2008 study. In those days, "Space Is The Place" was the space at Squat.[39]. Some stayed with him for decades, while others played on only a few recordings or performances. And a lot of times it was humorous, and a lot of times it was ridiculous, and a lot of times it was right on the money. Blount replied, "No, and you never will again. 2-8-16 Higashi-Kanda [14], By his teens, Blount suffered from cryptorchidism. Patrick was in and out of the group until the end of his life, but Allen and Gilmore were the two most devoted members of the Arkestra. 1: Immeasurable Equation was published by Phaelos Books in November 2005. Similarly, at a time when the industry had very conservative hiring practices and was well-known for treating employees as commodities, the company made a point of hiring the best people it could find, regardless of background, and paying them well - including granting stock options to all employees, a practice which was unheard of at the time in the aerospace industry. Specific impulse (ratio of engine thrust to fuel mass flow, measured in m/s). Dozens of musiciansperhaps hundredspassed through Sun Ra's bands over the years. In 1948, Blount performed briefly in a trio with saxophonist Coleman Hawkins and violinist Stuff Smith, both preeminent musicians. He formed a new band and soon was playing professionally. Good to hear, that they still think they can afford to blow tons of money away into nothing, ignoring that it now lacks here and doesnt solve any problems on our globe anymore. Lets hope this has real potential, and is not just a white elephant. [5], The path of ions and electrons through the engine approximates lines parallel to the engine walls; however, the particles actually orbit those lines while traveling linearly through the engine. Full stop. An ineffectively designed nozzle can keep a propellent from releasing all it's energy into gas velocity and result in a performance decrement. Only a few years before his death, the date of Sun Ra's birth was still a mystery. "Fission fragment rocket concept" Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 271.1 (1988): 207-208, Ludewig, H., et al. The third and last flight was made on October 12. Visibility in the cockpit was so restricted that the pilots nicknamed it the Batcave. He denied feeling closely connected to any race. NASA, due to Congressional oversight, does 'b'. As with all new ventures, particularly ones of Rotarys magnitude, the founders and investors understood it was a long shot. At some point, the planet will die. Its founders were among the first to recognize that the end of the Cold War represented a significant shift away from the militarization of space, to a new civilian-led, commercial space industry. When we obsess about threats to democracy, this needs to be part of the dialogue. This enabled Sun Ra to request rehearsals spontaneously and at any time, which was his established habit. Sun Ra's music can be roughly divided into three phases, but his records and performances were full of surprises and the following categories should be regarded only as approximations. In 2017, the Arkestra performed at the 31st Lowell Folk Festival in Lowell Massachusetts. This is a reasonable approximation for real bodies when the motion of internal parts can be neglected, and when the separation between bodies is much larger than the size of each. Why bother shooting for Mars, then? But, all of it is illuminated, area by area, at various times. The moon may not be a light source. WebRegeneratively cooled liquid rocket engine using a pressure fed system. [15] It left him with a nearly constant discomfort that sometimes flared into severe pain. Instead, he would simply gather the entire Arkestra minus the offending musician, and skip townleaving the fired musician stranded. The Arkestra's version of "Pink Elephants on Parade" is available on Stay Awake, a tribute album of Disney tunes played by various artists and produced by Hal Willner. The most obvious evidence of this system was Ra's practice of renaming many of the musicians who played with him. And despite its innovative vehicle design, the company remained completely focused on its business mission. "[31], Also in 1966, Sun Ra, with members of the Arkestra and Al Kooper's Blues Project, recorded the album Batman and Robin under the pseudonym, The Sensational Guitars of Dan and Dale. unless theyve found a new energy source on the moon, and theyre not building a Moon base, why bother? Ad Astra Rocket Company is the developer of the VASIMR engine, an advanced plasma propulsion system for the emerging in-space transportation market. propulsion development experience at TRW, SpaceX and now Impulse Space. Intended to simulate a worst-case scenario of a fall from altitude into the ocean, such as might occur in a booster failure after launch, the resulting release of radiation would have caused fatalities out to 183m (600ft) and injuries out to 610m (2,000ft). Specific impulse is a measure of the efficiency of rockets and jet engines. [11], The first VASIMR experiment was conducted at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983. There are no known recordings of this trio, but a home recording of a Blount-Smith duet from 1953 appears on Sound Sun Pleasure, and one of Sun Ra's final recordings in 1992 was a rare sideman appearance on violinist Billy Bang's Tribute to Stuff Smith. Specific Impulse Definition divided by propellant mass to determine rocket performance per kg of propellant it has to carry higher I sp means less propellant required thus more payload that can be carried or lighter, smaller rocket can be used Normalization to get same value in all unit systems, typically normalize I At their mid-1970s shows in Philadelphia nightclubs, someone stood at the back of the room, selling stacks of unmarked LPs in plain white sleeves, pressed from recordings of the band's live performances. NASA gave approval for Ad Astra to proceed with Year 3 after reviewing completion of a 10-hour cumulative test of the VX-200SS engine at 100kW. VASIMR has a comparatively poor thrust-to-weight ratio, and requires an ambient vacuum. That like saying that going to NRT is "visiting" Japan. [10], The second flight, on September 16, was a continuous hover flight lasting 2 min 30 sec, reaching a maximum altitude of 20ft (6.1 m). Headlines from the worlds of biology, astronomy, chemistry and physics. These concerns were resolved using a failure-resistant massively redundant flow system, created using thin metal sheets chemically etched with a pattern of micropores forming a channel system that was robust against failure and damage. Therefore, it is not "all dark". Horizontal Launch July 14 2021, View Downrange Vehicle outruns frangible sabot, impacts target. or Just Plain Insane? [citation needed], A related design that saw some work, but never made it to the prototype stage, was Dumbo. Proposed applications for VASIMR such as the rapid transportation of people to Mars would require a very high power, low mass energy source, ten times more efficient than a nuclear reactor (see nuclear electric rocket). [77], Sun Ra and his Arkestra were the subject of a few documentary films, including Robert Mugge's Sun Ra: A Joyful Noise (1980). In New York City in the fall of 1979, Sun Ra and the Arkestra played as the "house band" at the Squat Theatre on 23rd Street, which was the performance venue of the avant-garde Hungarian theater troupe. These companies are developing cleaner alternatives to protect earth first. Space Is the Place (1974) is a feature-length film that stars Sun Ra and his band as themselves. [16], Blount claimed that this experience occurred in 1936 or 1937. To explore space is to declare that we haven't given up on the expansion of our minds. A few countries have rocket engines with over 450 secs of specific impulse, which is very impressive. I am glad that America is leading the way. The fuel species was later switched to uranium carbide, with the last engine run in 1964. Blount visited the Forbes building almost daily to play music, swap ideas with staff and customers, or copy sheet music into his notebooks. Soc. In addition to the U.S. military, NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine has also expressed interest in the project and its potential applications for a future mission to Mars. [62], As of 2021, there has been much interest in nuclear thermal rockets by the United States Space Force and DARPA for orbital and cis-lunar uses. He said he was facing a nervous breakdown from the stress of imprisonment, that he was suicidal, and that he was in constant fear of sexual assault. Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two, "Black Prog: Soul, Funk, Intellect and the Progressive Side of Black Music of the 1970s", "Afrofuturism: Why black science fiction 'can't be ignored', "The Last Giant: Marshall Allen Celebrates 94th Birthday", "Sun Ra Music Biography, Credits and Discography", "CHAPTER ONE - Space Is the Place: The Lives and Times of Sun Ra", "The Journey of Khalil Islam, the Man Who Didn't Shoot Malcolm X", 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J347700, "Sun Ra and The Blues Project Do Batman and Robin (MP3s) - WFMU's Beware of the Blog", "Professor Sun Ra Berkeley Lecture, 1971", "Live in Egypt, Vol. The novel business model Rotary Rocket pioneered, and its emphasis on civilian space endeavors, has since been replicated by virtually every company in the space industry, around the world. As a self-invented person, he routinely gave evasive, contradictory or seemingly nonsensical answers to personal questions, and denied his birth name. [36], The 242mAm as a nuclear fuel is derived from the fact that it has the highest thermal fission cross section (thousands of barns), about 10x the next highest cross section across all known isotopes. 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