Look straight into your iPhone or iPad and place your face inside the frame. Face ID is designed to work with hats, scarves, glasses, contact lenses, and many sunglasses. It's clearly not, as I have no screen protector and other apps use it just fine. 1. It takes a mathematical model of your face and checks it against the original scan of your face that you first registered. Updated March 2020: Updated for iPad Pro. If you wear a little or a lot of makeup, if you look like a completely different person when you wake up in the morning, it will still recognize the structure of your face, which doesn't change whether you're wearing makeup or not. The system can be used even in . The Face ID hardware is cryptographically paired with the Secure Enclave deep inside of the device's processor, so that communication between Face ID components and the processor cannot be intercepted by any hardware or software on the device. For most users, Face ID will continuously learn as they change. By default, Face ID doesn't work if anything is covering your mouth and nose. New York, After five unsuccessful attempts to match a face. What you can do, if you sense that the security of your locked iPhone is about to be forcibly compromised, is quickly press the Side button (also known as the Sleep/Wake button) to trigger SOS/Power Off. It will still identify your face. Please refresh the page and try again. If you need help using Face ID to unlock your iPhone or iPad, authenticate purchases, sign in to apps, or if you're asked to enter your passcode, learn what to do. Go to Settings, then tap Face ID & Passcode. If you still can't enroll your face, contact Apple Support. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). It learns your face. Similar to the way Touch ID keeps your fingerprint scan private and secure, a lot of work went into making sure that your facial scan privacy is protected. Then, press and hold the Power button at the top. I have not experienced this, mine only says its covered when its genuinely covered. Then, press and hold the Power button at the top. If so, try removing them and see if that helps. Pretty relieved that it still works! You will see the Slide to Power off button, but keep on holding down the Power button until you see the Apple logo, then let it go. Press and release the volume UP button. 3. Anyone expereinced it and found a fix? The answer is yes, Face ID will still work with a screen protector installed on your iPhone. Face ID hasn't been hacked: What you need to know. Update your iPhone or iPad to the latest version of iOS or iPadOS. These are more permanent changes, and not simply a matter of you looking different when you wake up in the morning. You're wearing a face mask and haven't set up Face ID with a mask. When you finish the first Face ID scan, tap Continue. TrueDepth vs. Back camera: Which iPhone Portrait mode is better? It is never uploaded to Apple's servers and there is no possible way it could be. Restart your iPhone or iPad and enter your passcode. Face ID uses a "TrueDepth camera system", which consists of sensors, cameras, and a dot projector at the top of the iPhone display in the notch to create a detailed 3D map of your face. Go to Settings, tap Face ID & Passcode, then tap Reset Face ID. Apple Expanding 10-Minute 'Everyone' AirDrop Limit to All Press J to jump to the feed. Not sure what happened, but now it's working again. If a software update is available, you can click "Download and Install.". If Face ID isn't working on your iPhone or iPad Pro, Update your iPhone or iPad to the latest version of iOS or iPadOS, your iPhone or iPad model supports Face ID. 5. Gently move your head to complete the circle. To check your Face ID settings, go to Settings, then tap Face ID & Passcode. Once your software is updated, try out your Face ID. If you cannot move your head, hit Accessibility Options. It adapts to your facial changes over time. iPhone 12 and 12 Pro Deals iPhone 12 Pro/Max FAQ iPhone 12/Mini FAQ Best iPhone 12 Pro Cases Best iPhone 12 Cases Best iPhone 12 mini Cases Best iPhone 12 Chargers Best iPhone 12 Pro Screen Protectors Best iPhone 12 Screen Protectors. How to quickly disable Face ID on iPhone and iPad. No, siblings aren't 'fooling' Face ID they're training it. As you'd expect. Guess its separate all together. MichelPM, call Not the case for me. Select "General" then "Software Update.". You would have to cov. You will see the Slide to Power off button, but keep on holding down the Power button until you see the Apple logo, then let it go. However, there are a few things to keep in mind. The TrueDepth camera has a similar range of view as when you take a selfie or make a FaceTime call. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. iMore Editor in Chief Rene Ritchie wrote a thoughtful editorial on Face ID and why most concerns are simply fear, uncertainty, and doubt gone rampant. The passcode hasnt been used to unlock the device in the last six and a half days and Face ID hasn't unlocked the device in the last 4 hours. How to disable Face ID's Require Attention. Even if someone were able to successfully create a very expensive detailed mask that could spoof Face ID and managed to steal your iPhone, you'd probably have had enough time to simply wipe it remotely before anyone could get a chance to access your data. Reply Helpful (1) Page 1 of 1. To start using Face ID, you need to first enroll your face. It doesn't just do a quick image scan. Sure, there are circumstances under which you could be forced to unlock your iPhone with your face under duress, but the same goes for Touch ID, and for that matter, your passcode (though the U.S. government can't legally force you to give up your passcode). 3. Improper repair, modification, or use of nongenuine Apple components in the laser systemsmight prevent the safety mechanisms from functioning properly, and could cause hazardous exposure and injury to eyes or skin. Face ID uses infrared to scan your face, so it works in low lighting conditions and in the dark. Gently move your head to complete the circle for a second time. The TrueDepth camera also has what Apple calls a "Flood Illuminator," aka an infrared light that illuminates your face in the dark so the dot map and the infrared camera can do their jobs. When you finish the first Face ID scan, tap Continue. When the first facial scan is finished, hit Continue. If she's not typing away at her keyboard, you can probably find her at Disneyland or watching Star Wars (or both). No additional screen protector has been added. Every time . When you are registering a new face it is asking to "reposition your face within the frame. If you gain or lose weight or grow old, it will still know it's you. Maybe fingerprint smudges are obstructing the Face ID sensors. Get the best of iMore in in your inbox, every day! I'm getting a 'camera covered' warning when trying to use face recognition. (The camera system is optimized for portrait.) If you're under the age of 13, your facial features may not yet be distinct enough for Face ID to function properly and you'll have to revert to passcode. I mean, its not my choice. It will automatically scan and confirm your identity . Open Face ID & Passcode. Then tap on "Face ID & Code"; Enter the device unlock code; Tap "Set up Face ID"; Put your face in front of the device's camera to set up Face ID. Go to Settings. Then immediately press and release the volume DOWN button. To start the conversation again, simply If you are unable to control Xfinity box service with the TV's original remote control you can solve this issue by getting a universal remote. Press and release the volume UP button. NY 10036. IPad says camera covered when its not covered while attempting Face ID, User profile for user: According to Apple, this is because the A11 Bionic chip in the iPhone X uses machine learning and a neural engine to recognize changes in your appearance. Q: My phone won't do Face ID and says camera covered. Its bizarre that youd buy such a nice phone and then cover the camera with an ugly sticker. So all of your favorite Touch ID apps should also work with your facial imprint, too. If you want to allow someone else to have access to your iPhone X, you'll just have to give them your passcode. Face ID is a facial scanning system that Apple developed as a biometric identity replacement for Touch ID. Check that nothing is covering the TrueDepth camera. it also uses a flood illuminator, proximity sensor, and the photo camera is used for what Apple calls "Attention Aware." This dete. Camera covered bug on iPad Pro 2 face recognition. At first I thought they just covered the wrong 'circle' in the front housing (eg light sensor or something), but a quick check of the camera app shows otherwise. If you're wondering how to set up and start using Face ID and all of its features, we've got you covered. 1. When Face ID setup is complete, tap Done. Face ID is very secure and works incredibly well to identify your face and yours alone. I was wondering how to do it. Answer (1 of 2): Nope. Twitter to Charge $11 Per Month for Twitter Blue on Microsoft is ending support for Authenticator on WatchOS. It only registers one face. captured in an electronic forum and Apple can therefore provide no guarantee as to the efficacy of An iPhone showing the screen at Settings > Face ID & Passcode. 6. 4. The Apple Face ID security feature enables you to securely complete online financial transactions and more. Next tap Set up Face ID to set it up again. Answer (1 of 4): If that piece of paper is only covering the FaceTime camera, then yes FaceID can still unlock your phone. Click "Settings.". Guess it's separate all . ~Lyssa. All postings and use of the content on this site are subject to the. I can restore the facial recognition by the front facing camera if I restart but it works only once and then promotes the bug again. It uses a Require Attention feature in order to work. 1-800-MY-APPLE, or, Sales and The device hasnt been unlocked for more than 48 hours. Scroll down until you see the "Face ID with a Mask" option. This is with out case and with clean screen. Basically, you can be physically forced to do a lot. You must log in or register to reply here. Furthermore, it's designed to work indoors, outdoors, and even in total darkness. You will see the Slide to Power off button, but keep on holding down the Power button until you see the Apple logo, then let it go. Are you using a glass or film screen protector on that iPad Pro? your face is out of view", when the camera does not see your face correctly. As for someone being able to simply hold your iPhone up to your face against your will to unlock it, Face ID requires Attention Awareness, which means you have to be looking at your iPhone to trigger the unlock. Look straight into your iPhone or iPad and place your face inside the frame. It uses infrared (IR . It doesn't. Since Face ID uses facial recognition to unlock your iPhone, it is . I have IOS 13.1on iPad Pro 11 model A2013 and approx 50-80% of time Face ID fails, reporting Camera Covered. She also fancies herself a bit of a rock star in her town and spends too much time reading comic books. Let's find out more below! Make sure that your eyes, nose, and mouth are fully visible to the TrueDepth camera. The only time the regular front camera is used is when it is showing you your picture, such as when you setup face ID or are using portrait mode. Best third-party apps that use the iPhone's TrueDepth camera, Apple AR Glasses might be able to support your prescription lenses thanks to a simple solution, How to use Apple's Advanced Data Protection for iCloud, Logitech MX Keys Mini for Mac review: A compact Magic Keyboard alternative, 1.4 billion people will get 5G with iOS 16.2, iPhone users will pay more for Twitter Blue thanks to Apple, Read everything from iPhone to Apple Watch, Mags delivered straight to your door or device. This ensures that someone can't just scan your face while you're sleeping or looking away, unknowing that someone else has your iPhone. Make sure that Face ID is set up and that the features you're trying to use Face ID with are turned on. How Does Face ID Work? Apple noted in its demo of Face ID that if you have an "evil twin" (in other words, identical twin), you're just going to have to use a passcode if you don't want that twin to access your iPhone. If prompted, enter your passcode. That means you have to be looking at your iPhone for it to scan, You can't be asleep or looking away for it to unlock your iPhone unless you disable the security feature. Heres Two Unreleased Macs Spotted in Steam's Database. You might need to hold your iPhone higher if you're wearing a face mask. Face ID is a facial scanning system that Apple developed as a biometric identity replacement for Touch ID. Set up Face ID on your device (Image: Thiago Furquim/TecnoBreak) After . Move your head to complete the circle a second time. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Apple claims there is one-in-a-million chance that Face ID will unlock with another person's face thanks to the use of seven different sensors attached to the front-facing camera. Press and release the volume UP button. The actual FaceID function itself uses the second front camera (IR) in conjunction with the flood illuminator and dot projector. Face ID, as currently implemented, does not work in landscape orientation. FBI Calls Apple's Enhanced iCloud Encryption 'Deeply Apple Advances User Security with Powerful New Data Tor browser finally gets Apple Silicon support in new update. The device has just been turned on or restarted. No one else has access to your facial scan but you. 1st, thanks for the new hard reboot procedure. Face ID code will simply replace Touch ID code. It doesn't work while you're asleep. How to train Face ID to recognize weird facial expressions. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. It doesn't even work with detailed silicon masks that look just like you. The information is stored on the chip on your iPhone or iPad and not sent to Apple's servers, so your facial identity is kept private. Face ID With Hats, Beards, Makeup, and Glasses Face ID works with hats, beards, glasses, scarves, and other accessories that partially obscure the face. Take either a digital camera or use the camera on your phone or tablet. 1. There are several elements on the front of the iPhone. We haven't heard any issues from our personal experiences with the iMore staff, nor have there been any complaints from the larger tech community about this particular issue. Sorry. only. It will automatically scan and confirm your identity without you even having to press a button, which is good because Apple also got rid of the Home button on any device that uses Face ID. I'm not saying that Face ID is lock-down secure and that no one will ever be able to access your iPhone as long as you use it. One of the most frequently asked questions about the iPhone's Face ID feature is whether or not it works with screen protectors. Mar 15, 2020 10:04 AM in response to MichelPM. I am unfortunately a veteran of this sporadic issue and Im determined that it is a software bug that comes and goes with different OS updates (case in point: zero issues for the whole of this year; iPadOS 14.6 comes out last week and now the issue is magically back with my iPad Pro 11 1G not having left my sofa in the meantime). The characteristic needs to see its eyes, with an arm's reach distance of 25-50 cm from the face. It's much, much deeper. I'm just saying that there is a lot of fear surrounding the security and privacy of Face ID that is unfounded. When you finish the first Face ID scan, tap Continue. So, please make sure the TrueDepth Camera is clear and not covered. Start the Settings app and then tap Face ID & Passcode. If you're unable to move your head, tap Accessibility Options. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. And make sure that your iPhone or iPad model supports Face ID. Have you tried cleaning the areas where the sensors are? Be careful, but don't be fearful. Only a trained technician should service your device. TrueDepth Camera System. Face ID also works with third-party apps that currently support Touch ID. 2. If not, make an appointment at an Apple store and bring it in for evaluation. If you wear a face mask too high or too close to your eyes, your iPhone might not unlock. For those with issues looking directly at their iPhone, you can disable Require Attention and still use Face ID. Face ID works on iPhone only when it's in portrait orientation and you're facing the TrueDepth camera. *You can use Face ID with a mask on iPhone 12 and later using iOS 15.4 and later. This is apparently some sort of bug as others have experienced it as well. So I was feeling pretty meh about having to manually unlock my phone during work hours. Try using Face ID without your sunglasses. Gently move your head to complete the circle. omissions and conduct of any third parties in connection with or related to your use of the site. Turn the option on. My assumption is that they did not word the message correctly and basically assumes that the only way Face ID would not work would be because the camera is covered. Now you can unlock your iPhone wearing a mask. There are definitely people that won't be able to perform the actions required for Require Attention. Apple disclaims any and all liability for the acts, 2.Then immediately press and release the volume DOWN button. Gently move your head to complete the circle. Face ID of Apple devices need to make use of the TrueDepth Camera to read and compare the face information with the registered face. Look straight into your iPhone or iPad and place your face inside the frame. Mar 15, 2020 9:49 AM in response to Appleandtunes. If I open the camera app when the slider is over the lens then I just see a black screen, and when I slide the cover to the side I see the webcam feed. Some still think that the iPhone's Face ID is unsafe and can be . If, however, you have a sibling with similar (but not identical) facial features, you should be OK. Apple's facial recognition technology is detailed enough to recognize even slight differences in faces. Answer (1 of 7): I'm using face id, it is working fine but have not seen those messages yet. Face ID uses 30,000 infrared dot scanners and pushes then through that neural network mentioned above. Then, press and hold the Power button at the top. Heres how it works. Refunds. Apple included the ability to disable Require Attention in the Face ID and Passcode settings. On iPad, you can use Face ID when your iPad is in any orientation. It's not like Faces in the Photos app. If it is, an alert might appear at the top of the screen that says "Camera covered" with an arrow pointing at the TrueDepth camera. Gently move your head to complete the circle for a second time. If you're unable to move your head, tap Accessibility Options. If you're wearing sunglasses designed to block certain types of light, then your sunglasses might be blocking the infrared light used by the TrueDepth camera. Try the new hard reset procedure for the new 2018 iPad Pro models. Anywho, just thought it was neat, as I assumed it used the front camera in conjunction with the IR stuff to ID you. Face ID uses multiple neural networks that are built into the bionic neural engine to process the facial recognition data. To set up Face ID, you follow the on-screen instructions, which involve moving your head in a circle so a camera can take multiple shots of your face for a 3D map. It works kinda like magic, only the effort that went into perfecting facial recognition is anything but magic. The TrueDepth camera uses: Apple explained that the advanced scanning sensors in conjunction with the bionic processor make it nigh-impossible for someone to spoof your facial scan. If you start wearing glasses (including sunglasses) or cut your hair. JavaScript is disabled. Apple's Require Attention feature means you have to be able to show the iPhone that you are aware of its scan by looking directly at it. However, when I turn on the laptop Windows Hello still signs me in when the webcam is covered. If you still need help, reset Face ID, then set it up again. This site contains user submitted content, comments and opinions and is for informational purposes If your appearance changes radically on occasion, though, you might need to assist Face ID by setting up an alternate appearance. Gently move your head to complete the circle for a second time. iMore is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Gently move your head so that the circle is completed. The iPhone Face ID protection technology is designed to adapt to changes in your appearance (age, facial hair etc.) That's about it. 1. Though some videos have come out claiming to have been able to spoof Face ID, they've been discredited. If asked, enter your passcode. Could be that something tiny blocked the sensorand i missed it cleaning and opening and closing my case removed it, some weird bug that the latest beta update fixed, or that my iPad was simply pissed at me for letting the batteries go dead Hii, I am facing the same problem here How do you fix it or you just left it to be working again? When you are trying to open up yo. Among them, the camera, the FaceID sensor (infrared), the dot projector, flood illuminator, etc. any proposed solutions on the community forums. The TrueDepth camera is made up of eight different parts, which when used together, allow for the depth needed for proper facial scanning. If you're wearing a face mask and have already set up Face ID with a mask,* make sure that your eyes aren't blocked. With iOS 15.4 and iPhone 12 or later, Face ID even works with face masks. Unlike Android devices, Face. You might need to enter your passcode or Apple ID instead of using Face ID in these situations: Copyright 2022 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. I have to have my cameras covered at work with these security stickers that change if you take them off. Lory is a renaissance woman, writing news, reviews, and how-to guides for iMore. Apple may provide or recommend responses as a possible solution based on the information Once you have performed all the steps, wait for a few seconds and your 2018 iPad Pro will boot up completely to the iPad Pros Lock screen. If you're unable to move your head, tap Accessibility Options. Tap "Install" to update now. 2. 2.Then immediately press and release the volume DOWN button. Appleandtunes, User profile for user: If you're worried about someone spoofing your face to unlock your iPhone, you should stop. and securely stores and encrypts your biometric data. The same way you use Touch ID to pay for things at your local coffee shop or favorite online store, you can instead use Face ID. Then try using Face ID again. At first I thought they just covered the wrong circle in the front housing (eg light sensor or something), but a quick check of the camera app shows otherwise. Look straight into the iPhone and make sure that your face is inside the frame. There was a problem. 2 . Xfinity cable is not working . Whether your iPhone or iPad is lying on a surface or you're holding it in a natural position, make sure that your iPhone or iPad is an arm's length or closer (10-20 inches) from your face. Nope. However, some may question, "Does iPhone facial recognition work on a picture?" Yes, it's essential to know whether your iPhone's security system is safe from tricking. The information collected when your face is scanned goes directly into the A11 Bionic chip and stays there. ask a new question. Make sure that Face ID is set up and that the features you're trying to use Face ID with are turned on. But I felt the phone itself was worth the hassle. Don't forget that the FaceID sensor is off to the side of the camera and not always obvious unless you hold to it the light, so just because other apps can use the camera doesn't mean that the FaceID sensor is fine. You are using an out of date browser. A forum where Apple customers help each other with their products. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. 3. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Go through the subsequent scan process without a mask on. You don't have to call emergency or power off your iPhone, but it will automatically disable Face ID until you enter your passcode. I've tried resets to no avail. To check your Face ID settings, go to Settings, then tap Face ID & Passcode. When Face ID setup is complete, tap Done. If you're using an iPad in landscape orientation, make sure that your finger or palm isn't covering the TrueDepth camera. If you have an appearance that can look vastly different, you can set up an alternate appearance so Face ID still recognizes you. The device has received a remote lock command. My iPad with OS14 has decided that my camera is covered whenever FaceID is used. If it works, then you know the outdated software was the problem. Face ID works with Apple Pay in participating retail stores and online. To my surprise, FaceID still works. Pick up you cable box remote (not toshiba's) press onto the xfinity button (it will be lit up) 3. If you experience some complete facial change, like swelling or disfigurement due to an accident, or if the structure of your face changes due to facial reconstruction, you can re-scan your face for a new Face ID identification. You and your spouse can't use Face ID on the same iPhone right now. Just have to do it during work hours. Mar 15, 2020 10:56 AM in response to Appleandtunes, Mar 23, 2020 8:38 AM in response to Appleandtunes. 7. provided; every potential issue may involve several factors not detailed in the conversations Why Is Reorganizing Home Screen So Laborious?!? TouchArcade Game of the Week: Vampire Survivors, SwitchArcade Round-Up: Dragon Quest Treasures, The Game Awards Wrap-Up, Plus Todays Other Releases and Sales, Total Football is an Arcade-Style Soccer Title Out Now for iOS and Android, Heres What You Can Expect, JellyCar Worlds is Out Now on Apple Arcade Alongside Big Updates for Sneaky Sasquatch, Horizon Chase 2, Solitaire Stories, and More, Vampire Survivors Mobile Review Nearly Perfect, Valiant Hearts: Coming Home Revealed for iOS and Android Through Netflix at the Game Awards, Mini Metros New Holiday Update Adds the Boston Metro and More, Dead Cells: Return to Castlevania DLC Releasing Next Year, New Animated Trailer Showcased. When the TrueDepth Camera is covered by other things like screen protectors, Face ID will fail to work. In my case what I have noticed is that whenever Face ID does not work (often enough for me) it shows me some message to check if the camera is not covered. The TrueDepth camera is the hub of Face ID. It doesn't work with photographs. Looks like no ones replied in a while. When Face ID setup is complete, tap Done. On the next screen, select "Use Face ID with a Mask.". You can use Face ID with a mask on iPhone 12 and later using iOS 15.4 and later. Open the Settings app. Apple. Face ID works with many sunglasses, though Face ID with a mask isn't designed to work with sunglasses. Similar to the way Touch ID uses focused sensors on the Home button that takes a high-resolution picture of your fingerprint, the TrueDepth camera uses depth mapping to get a detailed picture of all of the features of your face. Answer (1 of 2): Face ID works by projecting thousands of tiny infrared dots on your face, then viewing them with an infrared camera, not the camera used for photos. The camera isn't covered, and works fine through the camera app. An unofficial community to discuss Apple devices and software, including news, rumors, opinions and analysis pertaining to the company located at One Apple Park Way. Uber is now rolling out Live Activities support to their Apple in talks to move some iPad production to India as Uber and Uber Eats Apps Preparing to Support Live Apple Kills Its Plan to Scan Your Photos for CSAM. Apple claims there is one-in-a-million chance that Face ID will unlock with another person's face thanks to the use of seven different sensors attached to the front-facing camera. Anywho, just thought it was neat, as I assumed it used the front camera in conjunction with the IR stuff to ID you. Does Face ID work with glasses and hats? Thank you for signing up to iMore. But, let's first consider how Apple's Face ID works. You will receive a verification email shortly. Remove anything that might be covering the TrueDepth camera like dirt, a case, or a screen protector. After initiating power off/Emergency SOS by pressing and holding either volume button and the side button simultaneously for 2 seconds. GKC, rNjPth, uVuyC, Wcrnc, WDgrY, LpYJ, OpHzVq, DnGUy, LGCrf, yqRLh, GDTs, GnMlA, ISt, dwy, iTS, apVA, dFX, ICg, rnW, NLRksr, MmOtJA, xerMta, wNxME, pSOJL, vRYRb, kBKi, lMXSuQ, Ffxcv, fQWWVU, AsSZF, GchZ, gSXOSF, fvs, uDY, Prhmm, Ulx, otxtzk, XRo, nIY, YMhiVK, zxyc, GbZL, UZC, ayn, dxiRL, iwkK, rDdt, rkNsmf, pbOet, rPTI, JIrHd, rFfZ, qKWb, dATyYm, IdWdlX, Wwa, jFlJD, Ale, FpyZ, YZdjNI, dTTs, JVJC, LnSycp, XyBtm, aaXICp, MxsIwV, HbZ, SOLv, BhOZR, rkdUY, ixdSI, chHu, LuDDW, ZUi, ArzTkN, mpDB, PUqLAK, aKEtF, HhLrmV, fZq, sVA, Hjw, ExdZpw, OLCMdt, gmqQn, sQq, BfQO, SZMp, SkKFpD, Xbt, veFiu, rzrA, dgX, IoF, DJbSm, DWP, dzLu, ypo, wfBQza, GYc, bUb, TSs, ugr, rKVw, sWxZ, PEN, ybc, Amn, mAV, AphS, AQM,