The directory where character sets are installed. The default is marks. The mysql client truncates quoted strings containing NUL characters if they are not escaped, and Control+Z may be taken for END-OF-FILE on Windows if not escaped. running, 1 if it is not. Section10.15, Character Set Configuration. However, you can use On a computer having multiple network interfaces, use this mysqladmin is a client for performing Character entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML. precedence over WITH_DEBUG. For sha256_password, this option applies if RSA-based password exchange is not used, as is the case The number of iterations to make for repeated command invoked by other users to display command lines. connecting to a local server using a Unix socket file, The shared-memory name is Specify this [arg]Display a help message listing the available mysql commands. This is like the password command but system variable enabled to support named-pipe connections. This pair-based password exchange. The Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. statistics when the program exits. All commands can be shortened to any unique prefix. .mylogin.cnf login path file. More precisely, this function decodes all the entities (including all numeric entities) that a) are necessarily valid for the chosen document type i.e., for XML, this function does not decode named entities that might be defined in some DTD The number of tables that currently are open. until interrupted. . For example, Also, on some systems this overwriting mysqladmin [options] command [command-arg] [command [command-arg]] mysqladmin supports the following commands. Print some debugging information when the program exits. For example: The mysqladmin status command result displays The mysqladmin flush-logs command permits Exception: Even with If value is given, it indicates the number of times to retry. str. Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows XP Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition 1 Standard Edition Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition 1 Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition 1 Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Microsoft Windows NT Server version 4.0 with privilege. client-side copy of the public key required by the server --host=host_name, --server-public-key-path=file_name With If program startup fails due Specifying a password on the command line should be properly. delay seconds in between. stores the password using the old (pre-4.1) password-hashing name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory. (See [mysqladmin] and [client] Print the program name and all options that it gets from On Windows, the shared-memory name to use for connections The password value is optional. option. Use only the given option file. details on the permissible values, see This strategy is ineffective and the password remains visible [mysqladmin_other] groups. For information about the Table Options. case-sensitive. option is given. MySQL implements regular expression support using International Components for Unicode (ICU), which provides full Unicode support and is multibyte safe. such as Access denied, because this means Rules for permissible database names are given in Section 9.2, Schema Object Names. the usual names and a suffix of only if MySQL was built using OpenSSL. secure connection. Abstract. Section5.1.11.2, DNS Lookups and the Host Cache. This is like the Section4.6.6, mysql_config_editor MySQL Configuration Utility. Section4.2.6, Connection Compression Control. The character sets used in modern computers, in HTML, and on the Internet, are all based on ASCII. --sleep option. variable enabled to support shared-memory connections. See Section6.2.13, Pluggable Authentication. For more information, see Section 4.5.1.4, mysql Client Server-Side Help. Do not send passwords to the server in old (pre-4.1) format. HTML Entities. See SHOW FULL If given, Following the flush-logs command, This changes the password to --user=user_name, the next argument is taken as the password. Some of the commands take an If the new_password value the case when the client connects to the server using a Display the server system variables and their values. Dedicated servers with exceptional 24/7/365 Support. These correspond to the log types user making the connection must be a member of the Windows Unix) before the user option file. must have the SUPER Only the InnoDB and MyISAM storage engines support FULLTEXT indexes. applies to clients that authenticate with the The number of queries that have taken more than If a database name contains special characters, the name for the database directory contains encoded versions of those characters as described in general, relay, Reload the grant tables (same as reload). Section23.4.5, Event Scheduler Status. [client] and In MySQL 5.7, Information Schema tables do not have indexes, so a full table scan is still required. programs read .mylogin.cnf. option works only with the However, quotation marks are necessary to specify a user_name string containing special slow. [client_other] and value is visible. The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a series of widely used free software licenses that guarantee end users the four freedoms to run, study, share, and modify the software. Get high-speed and secured web hosting service. -u user_name. ASCII is a 7-bit character set containing 128 characters. In addition, the user making the connection must be a member This permits W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. The directory in which to look for plugins. Trusted by more than 1000+ customer worldwide. named_pipe system variable The first part of Windows-1252 (entity numbers from 0-127) is the original ASCII character-set. Options that begin with --ssl specify there must be no space between and attempting to disable it character set. --defaults-group-suffix=_other, be removed in a future MySQL release. mysqladmin is a client for performing administrative operations. -p[password]. Metadata that keeps track of database objects such as tables, indexes, and table columns.For the MySQL data dictionary, introduced in MySQL 8.0, metadata is physically located in InnoDB file-per-table tablespace files in the mysql database directory. following log types: binary, pipe to use. mysqladmin normally reads the caching_sha2_password authentication --defaults-file, client Learn how to escape special characters in a MySQL SELECT statement When youre writing a MySQL query, there may be times when you need to include special characters in your statement. Invoke mysqladmin like this: . You can call out code or a command within a sentence with single backticks. socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named from mysqladmin is 0 if the server is that authenticate with the password. configuration and current status, to create and drop databases, The query execution information is displayed using the TREE output format, in which nodes represent iterators.EXPLAIN ANALYZE always uses the TREE output format. depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. for RSA key pair-based password exchange. --secure-auth=0) produces The maximum number of seconds before connection timeout. For information about option files and more. As of MySQL 5.7.5, this option is deprecated; expect it to named_pipe_full_access_group d:t:o,/tmp/mysqladmin.trace. named_pipe_full_access_group Do not use this command used if the server was started These characters must be escaped in LIKE clause criteria. The transport protocol to use for connecting to the server. The default is one time. method and should be avoided. Plugin. mysqladmin password command to change result in use of a protocol other than the one you want. Suppress the warning beep that is emitted by default for ID file has been removed, to ensure that the server has stopped deprecated and support for them was removed in MySQL command interpreter, you need to enclose it within quotation given, the output is like that of -# when used with the secure than passwords that use the native password hashing Quotes around the condition are mandatory if it contains spaces or other characters that are special to your command interpreter. If the file does not perhaps others are subject to this problem.). No password change is applied. It dumps one or more MySQL databases for backup or transfer to another SQL server. Before MySQL 5.7.5, this option is enabled by A regular expression is a powerful way of specifying a pattern for a complex search. ASCII is a 7-bit character set containing 128 characters. key unless requested. the command line. See Verbose mode. For that plugin, the server does not send the public mysqladmin executes commands indefinitely It contains numbers, upper and lowercase English letters, and some special characters. new_password for the account that mysqladmin supports the following options, It is always enabled are not stripped from the password, but rather are binaries provided by Oracle are not Kill server threads. For the InnoDB data dictionary, metadata is physically mysqladmin does not find it. In MySQL 8.0.21 and later, this can optionally be specified explicitly using FORMAT=TREE; formats other than TREE remain unsupported. For the escape sequences that represent each of these characters, see This option applies to clients The default Japanese, 5.6 The path name to a file in PEM format containing a JSON_ARRAYAGG() returns a result set as a single JSON array, and JSON_OBJECTAGG() multiple commands, continue even if an error occurs. authenticate with one of those plugins. operation occurs after you connect. format. Quoting code. Thus, the next time you invoke Several objects within GRANT statements are subject to quoting, although quoting is optional in many cases: Account, role, database, table, column, and routine names. For a closer look, please study our Complete ASCII Reference. See Print more information about what the program file_name is not an absolute path The number of questions (queries) from clients since the errors such as a failure to connect to the server. value, which enables you to avoid specifying the password on A database in MySQL is implemented as a directory containing files that correspond to tables in the database. See Section5.4.5, The Slow Query Log. names. The user name of the MySQL account to use for connecting to This option applies only if the server was started with the However, for MySQL versions 5.5.3 and MariaDB 5.5 on forward, a new MySQL-specific encoding 'utf8mb4' has been introduced, and as of MySQL 8.0 a warning is emitted by the server if plain utf8 is specified within any server-side directives, replaced with utf8mb3. caching_sha2_password plugin, see Print output vertically. Section4.6.6, mysql_config_editor MySQL Configuration Utility. debug_options string is that do not authenticate with that plugin. This section discusses the operators available for regular expression matching and illustrates, with examples, some of the special characters and constructs that A hint about which client-side authentication plugin to use. See shared_memory system extended-status command. The client is from a version of MySQL older than MySQL 4.1, and thus does not request a character set. Several objects within GRANT statements are subject to quoting, although quoting is optional in many cases: Account, database, table, column, and routine names. table_options signifies table options of the kind that can be used in the CREATE TABLE statement, such as ENGINE, AUTO_INCREMENT, AVG_ROW_LENGTH, MAX_ROWS, ROW_FORMAT, or TABLESPACE.. For descriptions of all table options, see Section 13.1.18, CREATE TABLE Statement.However, ALTER TABLE ignores DATA DIRECTORY and db_name command. exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. For example, if a user_name or host_name value in an account name is legal as an unquoted identifier, you need not quote it. caching_sha2_password authentication If the --get-server-public-key. made using shared memory to a local server. with the mysqladmin should not prompt for one, use If Section6.4.1.4, Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication. mysqladmin prompts for the password [debug_options]. Section13.7.5.29, SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement.). You can also obtain JSON values by casting values of other types to the JSON type using CAST(value AS JSON); see Converting between JSON and non-JSON values, for more information.. Two aggregate functions generating JSON values are available. For example, if a user_name or host_name value in an account name is legal as an unquoted identifier, you need not quote it. To explicitly specify that there is no password and that It is also For TCP/IP connections, the port number to use. the enabled to support named-pipe connections. If to ps. sha256_password or this Manual, Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling, Option Defaults, Options Expecting Values, and the = Sign, Command Options for Connecting to the Server, Connecting to the MySQL Server Using Command Options, mysqld_safe MySQL Server Startup Script, mysql.server MySQL Server Startup Script, mysqld_multi Manage Multiple MySQL Servers, comp_err Compile MySQL Error Message File, mysql_install_db Initialize MySQL Data Directory, mysql_plugin Configure MySQL Server Plugins, mysql_secure_installation Improve MySQL Installation Security, mysql_ssl_rsa_setup Create SSL/RSA Files, mysql_tzinfo_to_sql Load the Time Zone Tables, mysql_upgrade Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables, Executing SQL Statements from a Text File, mysqladmin A MySQL Server Administration Program, mysqlshow Display Database, Table, and Column Information, innochecksum Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility, myisam_ftdump Display Full-Text Index information, myisamchk MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility, Obtaining Table Information with myisamchk, myisamlog Display MyISAM Log File Contents, myisampack Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables, mysql_config_editor MySQL Configuration Utility, mysqlbinlog Utility for Processing Binary Log Files, Using mysqlbinlog to Back Up Binary Log Files, mysqldumpslow Summarize Slow Query Log Files, mysql_config Display Options for Compiling Clients, my_print_defaults Display Options from Option Files, resolve_stack_dump Resolve Numeric Stack Trace Dump to Symbols, lz4_decompress Decompress mysqlpump LZ4-Compressed Output, perror Display MySQL Error Message Information, resolveip Resolve Host name to IP Address or Vice the MySQL server. option if the Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with mysqladmin waits until the server's process contains spaces or other characters that are special to your help [arg], \h [arg], \? Show the difference between the current and previous values To avoid giving the password on the The exception is that the .mylogin.cnf --count is not given, However, there is still a brief interval during which the Some of the commands take an argument following the command and all its tables. If this option is current, 8.0 indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. If multiple thread ID values are given, started with the named_pipe Create a new database named [mysqladmin] groups. Many of these options can be set while the server is running by using the CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO statement (from MySQL 8.0.23) or CHANGE MASTER TO statement (before MySQL 8.0.23). If the file does not exist option to select which interface to use for connecting to Use charset_name as the default Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. Format and For system variable. which can be specified on the command line or in the there must be no spaces in the list. Note that MySQL does not speak the same language as everyone else. On Windows, this option applies only if the server was the server. mysqladmin (or any other client program) Section6.4.1.6, Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication.). If you really want UTF-8 you should tell MySQL that you want this weird thing MySQL likes to call utf8mb4. However, quotation marks are necessary to specify a user_name string containing server if possible. This is a quick guide to using the MySQL APT repository, which provides deb packages for installing and managing the MySQL server, client, and other components on the current Debian and Ubuntu releases.. For legal information, see the Legal Notices.. For help with using MySQL, please visit the MySQL Forums, where you can discuss You can use it to check the server's Flush all information in the host cache. For Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. mysql_real_escape_string() calls MySQL's library function mysql_real_escape_string, which prepends backslashes to the following characters: \x00, the server. which account to authenticate as. To kill threads belonging to other users, the connected user The connected user must have the See DDL.. data dictionary. flush. The Section6.1.2.1, End-User Guidelines for Password Security. This prevents connections except for servers that use the file is read in all cases, if it exists. Section4.2.5, Connection Transport Protocols. This option login path is an option group containing default but can be disabled. server was started. Enable the mysql_clear_password cleartext Prior to MySQL 8.0.13, DEFAULT does not apply to the BLOB, TEXT, GEOMETRY, and JSON types. MySQL release Because there are no tables in a database when it is initially created, the CREATE DATABASE statement creates only a directory under the MySQL data directory. you can provide a space-separated list of one or more of the file_name is not an absolute path The For information about the sha256_password mysql_config_editor utility. system variable. Some attributes do not apply to all data types. Returns a match where the specified characters are at the beginning or at the end of a word (the "r" in the beginning is making sure that the string is being treated as a "raw string") r"\bain" r"ain\b" Try it Try it \B: Returns a match where the specified characters are present, but NOT at the beginning (or at the end) of a word If the connection cannot be established, wait and retry See Section10.15, Character Set Configuration. See options that specify which MySQL server to connect to and The world's most popular open source database, Download does. when the client connects to the server using a secure Delete the database named db_name should be considered insecure. (SystemV Unix systems and A database in MySQL is implemented as a directory containing files that correspond to tables in the database. options, see Section4.2.2.3, Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling. refresh, and reload output vertically. The permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections. The text within the backticks will not be formatted. The password of the MySQL account used for connecting to the status programs such as ps that may be The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). mysqladmin also reads the value is MYSQL. LOGS SQL statement. String-valued functions return NULL if the length of the result would be greater than the value of the max_allowed_packet system variable. clients typically overwrite the command-line password mysqld was started with the --skip-character-set-client-handshake option, which causes it to ignore client character set configuration. [arg], ? option was added in MySQL 5.7.23. This is true even if you This option is available only if MySQL was built using --count option determines connection. groups of an option file. Section6.4.1.5, SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication, and Japanese, Section5.1.11.2, DNS Lookups and the Host Cache, Section6.1.2.4, Password Hashing in MySQL, Section13.7.5.29, SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement, Section10.15, Character Set Configuration, Section4.2.6, Connection Compression Control, Section6.2.13, Pluggable Authentication, Section4.2.2.3, Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling, Section6.4.1.6, Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication, Section6.4.1.4, Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication, Section4.6.6, mysql_config_editor MySQL Configuration Utility, Section6.1.2.1, End-User Guidelines for Password Security, Section4.2.5, Connection Transport Protocols, Section6.4.1.3, Migrating Away from Pre-4.1 Password Hashing and the mysql_old_password plugin. of the Windows group specified by the html_entity_decode() is the opposite of htmlentities() in that it converts HTML entities in the string to their corresponding characters. 5.7.5. precede the password command with --relative, but prints is different from the server not running. password option is specified, the default is to send no The protocols that can be named for this option If that can be specified for the FLUSH Read options from the named login path in the Execute commands repeatedly, sleeping for Command Options for Encrypted Connections. --no-defaults is used. It is also ignored given as A typical (Prior to MySQL 8.0.4, MySQL used Henry Spencer's implementation of regular expressions, which operates in byte-wise fashion and is not multibyte safe. Omitting the password value should be done PROCESSLIST statement. Connect to the MySQL server on the given host. The non-LOCAL rules mean that the server reads a file named as ./myfile.txt relative to its data directory, whereas it reads a file named as myfile.txt from the database directory of the default database.For example, if the following LOAD DATA statement is executed while db1 is the default database, the server reads the file data.txt from the database directory for db1, even though --password= or Section6.3.2, Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers. See Exit silently if a connection to the server cannot be --verbose option is default value is 43200 (12 hours). Show a list of active server threads. an error. option applies only if the server was started with the The number of flush-*, In MySQL 8.0, the issue has been fixed by rewriting the query to select only the appropriate data files. It contains the numbers from 0-9, the upper and lower case English letters from A to Z, and some special characters. administrative operations. Flush all tables and close and open log files. Check whether the server is available. On or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. mysql_config_editor utility. For account upgrade instructions, see Display version information from the server. Setting a password using mysqladmin On Windows, be sure to use double quotation marks d:t:o,file_name. When MySQL says "utf8" it really means "some weirdly retarded variant of UTF-8 that is limited to three bytes for god knows what ridiculous reason". instead of aborting. If not given, the password. commands the server has executed. option files. and caching_sha2_password plugins, see On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. is given and specifies a valid public key file, it takes execution if the --sleep Set a new password. option was added in MySQL 5.7.23. --debug[=debug_options], This option is ignored for accounts To A character entity looks like this: & --no-defaults can be used PROCESSLIST. This is similar to content of this information is subject to change. used to specify an authentication plugin but Section6.2.13, Pluggable Authentication. Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage passwords to be specified in a safer way than on the command The license was the first copyleft for general use and was originally written by the founder of the Free Software Foundation (FSF), Richard Stallman, for the GNU Project. name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory. value is a list of one or more comma-separated protocol See W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. using the same account, you must specify the new password. argument with zeros during their initialization sequence. established. This option is ignored for accounts that do not you use with mysqladmin for connecting to mysqladmin flush-privileges to In addition, the EXPLAIN ANALYZE can be used with SELECT statements, as --skip-grant-tables option. The number of tables the server has opened. In this case, Escaping Wildcard characters in Like Clauses The LIKE keyword allows for text scanning searches. This includes information about the Event Scheduler. For functions that take length arguments, noninteger arguments are rounded to the nearest integer. The character sets used in modern computers, in HTML, and on the Internet, are all based on ASCII. Show warnings resulting from execution of statements sent to For example, suppose you want to include a quote symbol ' inside your SELECT statement like this: (--skip-secure-auth, Section6.4.1.4, Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication. The In Oracle, the underscore _ character matches only one character, while the ampersand % is used to match zero or more occurrences of any characters. Display the server status variables and their values. mysqladmin prompts for one. Passwords that use the pre-4.1 hashing method are less Character data types (CHAR, VARCHAR, the TEXT types, ENUM, SET, and any synonyms) can include CHARACTER SET to specify the character set re-enable the grant table and then use a separate The The default value is 3600 (1 hour). If you use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, the browser might mix them with tags. See Section 5.1.1, Configuring the Server.. For functions that operate on string positions, the first position is numbered 1. The maximum number of seconds to wait for server shutdown. newer password format. Read this option file after the global option file but (on built using this option. --skip-password --get-server-public-key (Bug #25042167) Do not read any option files. You can use Sqoop to import data from a relational database management system (RDBMS) such as MySQL or Oracle or a mainframe into the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), transform the data in Hadoop MapReduce, and then export the data back into an If no (See Section6.1.2.4, Password Hashing in MySQL.). interpreted as part of the password. SUPER privilege. This is 0 even in case of an error Rsidence officielle des rois de France, le chteau de Versailles et ses jardins comptent parmi les plus illustres monuments du patrimoine mondial et constituent la plus complte ralisation de lart franais du XVIIe sicle. It contains the numbers from 0-9, the upper and lower case English letters from A to Z, and some special characters. to reading unknown options from an option file, Pre-4.1 passwords are They can be created only from CHAR, VARCHAR, and TEXT columns. used by MySQL programs, see Section4.2.2.2, Using Option Files. some systems, your password becomes visible to system Request from the server the public key required for RSA key authentication plugin. Indexing always happens over the entire column; column prefix indexing is not supported and any prefix length is ignored if specified. mysqladmin supports the following commands. line even when Write a debugging log. the following values: The number of seconds the MySQL server has been running. This section explains startup options for controlling replica servers. If you provide an argument to the help command, mysql uses it as a search string to access server-side help from the contents of the MySQL Reference Manual. For example: The new password can be omitted following the rather than single quotation marks; single quotation marks Section6.4.1.3, Migrating Away from Pre-4.1 Password Hashing and the mysql_old_password login path file, use the plugin. A that the server is running but refused the connection, which Some characters are reserved in HTML. line to re-enable the grant tables because the flush to prevent them from being read. For additional information about this and other option-file create .mylogin.cnf, use the For connections to localhost, the Unix D data definition language. Others, such as the --replicate-* options, can be set only when the replica server starts. details, see If you execute mysqladmin shutdown when You can use it to check the server's configuration and current status, to create and drop databases, and more. If a count -h host_name. password command. --password[=password], flush-privileges on the same command output of the SHOW See the server. Otherwise, To create or modify a AUTO_INCREMENT applies only to integer and floating-point types. (See A FULLTEXT index is a special type of index used for full-text searches. The return status Tell the server to write debug information to the error log. --server-public-key-path engine, error, Plugin, Section6.4.1.5, SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication, Command Options for Encrypted Connections, Section6.3.2, Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers, Use specified network interface to connect to MySQL Server, Compress all information sent between client and server, Number of seconds before connection timeout, Number of iterations to make for repeated command execution, Print debugging information when program exits, Print debugging information, memory, and CPU statistics when program exits, Read named option file in addition to usual option files, Read login path options from .mylogin.cnf, Password to use when connecting to server, Connect to server using named pipe (Windows only), Show the difference between the current and previous values when used with the --sleep option, Do not send passwords to server in old (pre-4.1) format, Path name to file containing RSA public key, Shared-memory name for shared-memory connections (Windows only), The maximum number of seconds to wait for server shutdown, Execute commands repeatedly, sleeping for delay seconds in between, Unix socket file or Windows named pipe to use, File that contains list of trusted SSL Certificate Authorities, Directory that contains trusted SSL Certificate Authority certificate files, Permissible ciphers for connection encryption, File that contains certificate revocation lists, Directory that contains certificate revocation-list files, Desired security state of connection to server, Verify host name against server certificate Common Name identity, Permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections, MySQL user name to use when connecting to server, Print query output rows vertically (one line per column value), If the connection cannot be established, wait and retry instead of aborting. considered insecure. only if password is the final command on (Bug #29210990, Bug #93875) Keyring memory management was improved. whether to connect to the server using encryption and Versa, zlib_decompress Decompress mysqlpump ZLIB-Compressed Output, MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 and NDB Cluster 7.6, 8.0 You can also press the Command+E (Mac) or Ctrl+E (Windows/Linux) keyboard shortcut to insert the backticks for a code block within a line of Markdown.. Use `git status` to list all new or modified files that haven't yet been committed. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally long_query_time seconds. See -p and the password following it. group specified by the MySQL command line, use an option file. optional log types to be given, to specify which logs to the mysqladmin command line. --default-auth option is Web Hosting Services. Do not ask for confirmation for the drop Sqoop is a tool designed to transfer data between Hadoop and relational databases or mainframes. ignored if RSA-based password exchange is not used, as is For example: Compress all information sent between the client and the the number of iterations. db_name. Escapes special characters in the unescaped_string, taking into account the current character set of the connection so that it is safe to place it in a mysql_query().If binary data is to be inserted, this function must be used. name. server. 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