Being a base, baking soda solution neutralises the acidic liquid injected by honey-bee sting and neutralises its effect. (iii) Mention the values exhibited by Aman and the doctor. Tooth enamel (Calcium phosphate). Towed, handheld, and even horse-drawn sprayers are also used. (b) Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation On what basis is a chemical equation balanced? Classification based on site of action of the herbicide is preferable as herbicide resistance management can be handled more effectively. Answer: This is a combination reaction. 64. (a) When zinc dust is taken instead of zinc granules to react with sulphuric acid, hydrogen gas is formed. For example, a single factor (like greenhouse gases) or a set of factors can be varied, and the response of the modelled climate system to these individual or combined changes can thus be studied. (iv) (b) Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to produce potassium nitrate and lead iodide. (a) Explain two ways by which food industries prevent rancidity. It is because displacement reaction takes place. However, attribution was found to be more difficult when assessing changes over smaller regions (less than continental scale) and over short time periods (less than 50 years). Reduction is a process in which H2 is added orO2. An example is the heat energy absorbed during a chemical change involved in cooking, like baking a cake. Factors affecting Earth's climate can be broken down into forcings, feedbacks and internal variations. (ii)Double displacement reaction and precipitation reaction. 49.State one basic difference between a physical change and a chemical change. (i) Name the salt. Because they produce hydrogen and hydroxide ions respectively. Gentamicin is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections. The colour changes to reddish brown on heating due to formation of iron (III) oxide. [16] It should increase user's awareness of herbicide mode of action and provide more accurate recommendations for resistance management. Why? (c) 2HCl + CaSO3 CaCl2 + H2O + SO2 (g). The formula of rust is Fe. We can use phenolphthalein to check which of the beakers contains acid and which one contains a base. History of climate change policy and politics, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attribution_of_recent_climate_change&oldid=1126273383, Climate change assessment and attribution, Environmental impact of the energy industry, Articles with incomplete citations from November 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2011, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2011, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in. (ii) Chemical equation for chlor-alkali process is. The use of alternative herbicides which remain effective on resistant populations can be a successful strategy, at least in the short term. The gas X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y which is used as bleaching agent in chemical industry. When this compound is left in the open for some time, it becomes a solid mass and cannot be used for moulding purposes. Plaster of Paris is used for setting fractured bones. Question 3. Answer: While answering this question, we need to make certain assumptions. Take 5 ml of silver nitrate solution in a test tube. the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns. (i) Change in state. How can you account for this? Four classes of herbicides become ineffective within a few years. chips are packed in presence of nitrogen gas which prevents spoilage by oxidation. y = reaction condition, z = physical state of O2. Coal provides numerous raw materials like benozle, coal tar, sulphate of ammonia, creosote, etc. To carry out the following reactions and classify them as Physical or Chemical changes. [22], Plants have developed resistance to atrazine and to ALS-inhibitors, and more recently, to glyphosate herbicides. 12 C), reported in 1914 by Paul Walden. 2g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube. The explosion releases energy in the form of light. This conclusion rests on multiple lines of evidence. Professional Learning. [23] Thus, a true understanding of the sites of action of herbicides is essential for strategic planning of herbicide-based weed control. Calcium sulphate is a white soft substance. State the conditions when it starts corroding. "[50], The health and environmental effects of many herbicides is unknown, and even the scientific community often disagrees on the risk. Than (2007) provided alternative explanations of why warming had occurred on Triton, Pluto, Jupiter and Mars. (a) Explain the following chemical properties of acids with the help of balanced chemical equations only. Which acid is present in sour milk or curd? CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq) The genes controlling the biosynthesis of gentamicin are of particular interest due to the difficulty in obtaining the antibiotic after production. Answer. Herbicides have widely variable toxicity in addition to acute toxicity arising from ingestion of a significant quantity rapidly, and chronic toxicity arising from environmental and occupational exposure over long periods. (a) The substance is washing soda. (i) Copper reacts with oxygen to form copper oxide which is black, i.e. Attribution of 20th-century climate change. Biochemical processes in the cell are controlled by the nature and arrangement of internal membranes, the presence of specific enzymes, and environmental factors Answer: (i) Potassium bromide + Barium iodide-> Potassium iodide + Barium bromide. short Answer Type Question[ll] [3 Marks]-Year 2014. When sodium hydroxide is treated with an acidic oxide it produces salt and water. (i) List any two observations. (a) It is because iron displaces copper from CuS04 to form FeS04 which is pale green. [30] The government of Vietnam says that up to four million people in Vietnam were exposed to the defoliant, and as many as three million people have suffered illness because of Agent Orange,[31] while the Red Cross of Vietnam estimates that up to one million people were disabled or have health problems as a result of exposure to Agent Orange. Explanation: Rubbing baking soda (a base) over ant sting neutralises the methanoic acid present in the ant sting and gives relief from pain. 2H2O) is used in the manufacture of cement. Write the chemical reaction involved in the form of a balanced chemical equation. Marestail is one weed that has developed glyphosate resistance. Answer: (i) Magnesium wire is burnt in air. If resistance extends to more than one herbicide group, then choices are more limited. (i) Alkaline phenolphthalein solution (iii) The given reaction is a combination reaction. (a) Curdling of milk Ammonium cation is found in a variety of salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate.Most simple ammonium salts are very soluble in water. (a) Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction? [32] The main components of gentamicin include members of the gentamicin C complex: gentamicin C1, gentamicin C1a, and gentamicin C2 which compose approximately 80% of gentamicin and have been found to have the highest antibacterial activity. Answer: State the type of chemical reaction which takes place. Depending on the application, they may be less effective than synthetic herbicides[65] and are generally used along with cultural and mechanical weed control practices. 2NO(g) + 02(g) 2NO2(g). These and other aspects of modelled climate change are in agreement with observations. (a) List any two observations. [3] It works by disrupting the ability of the bacteria to make proteins, which typically kills the bacteria. [3] It can be given intravenously, by intramuscular injection, or topically. When a solution of potassium iodide is added to a solution of lead nitrate in a test tube, a reaction takes place. Frequently Asked Question 9.2: Can the Warming of the 20th century be Explained by Natural Variability? (b) This is a thermal decomposition reaction. Answer: fat and oil, e.g. [29] Some human activities can influence local water vapor levels. Answer. risen over the past 100 years? So this reaction is a chemical change. [22] Therefore, the global concentration of water vapor is not substantially affected by direct human emissions.[22]. It is not effective for gonorrhea or chlamydia infections. It is decomposition reaction. Materials: 1 mol dm-3 solutions of aluminium nitrate, ammonium chloride, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, lead(II) nitrate, zinc nitrate, iron(II) sulphate, iron(III) chloride, copper(II) sulphate; 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, 2.0 mol dm-3 ammonia solution and red litmus paper. [28][31][27], Gentamicin is composed of a number of related gentamicin components and fractions which have varying degrees of antimicrobial potency. You can have your vehicle repaired at any Ford Dealer in Australia, and the repairs will be performed at no cost to you. Why should an equation be balanced? Answer: To do this, farmers must know the mode of action for the herbicides they intend to use, but the relatively complex nature of plant biochemistry makes this difficult to determine. (c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place. This may indicate evolving resistance. 53. What happens when nitric acid is added to egg shell? Brown gas evolved is nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Answer. List two differences between acids and bases on the basis of chemical properties. During indigestion, our stomach produces excess acid. Do I need to do anything? Weeds that can resist multiple other herbicides are spreading. (Board Term I, 2017) (i) Identify the type of reaction. 2 g of silver chloride is taken in a China dish and the China dish is placed in sunlight for sometime. Explanation: Silver chloride is photosensitive. Answer: Question 6. What are strong and weak acids? Because most weeds are annuals, their seeds will only survive in soil for a year or two, so this method will be able to destroy such weeds after a few years of herbicide application. Oxalic acid. The temperature will increase because heat will be evolved. (iii) is this also a double displacement reaction? Answer. Answer: NaOH (ag) + HCl (ag) NaCl (ag) + H2O, (b) The product formed is a mixture of sodium zincate and hydrogen gas. (c) Fermentation of grapes As has already been stated, Hegerl et al. (b) Acid + Carbonate Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide Answer: (a) A solution has a pH of 7. The last time when it reached this level was 2.65.3million years ago. Estimates of internal variability from climate models, and reconstructions of past temperatures, indicate that the warming is unlikely to be entirely natural. [56], Resistance to herbicides can be based on one of the following biochemical mechanisms:[57][58][59], Worldwide experience has been that farmers tend to do little to prevent herbicide resistance developing, and only take action when it is a problem on their own farm or neighbor's. Thermal decomposition reaction: b. The area should be rubbed with the leaf of dock plant. Short Answer Type Question[I] [2 Marks]-Year 2014. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with proper quantity of water. Answer: This page was last edited on 11 December 2022, at 19:24. In Wales, a scheme offering free weed-wiper hire was launched in 2015 in an effort to reduce the levels of MCPA in water courses. Answer. [28] Tryptone and various forms of yeast and yeast derivatives are traditionally used as the nitrogen source in the growth medium, but several amino acids, soybean meal, corn steep liquor, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium chloride have proven to be beneficial additives. These are generally postemergence herbicides and can either be translocated (systemic) throughout the plant or remain at specific site (contact). 34. Apart from selective/non-selective, other important distinctions include persistence (also known as residual action: how long the product stays in place and remains active), means of uptake (whether it is absorbed by above-ground foliage only, through the roots, or by other means), and mechanism of action (how it works). 47. Magnesium is getting oxidised because it is losing electrons to form Mg2+ and oxygen is gaining electrons to form O2-, therefore it is getting reduced. (b) Precipitate. Write chemical equation to prepare the compound. It was initially used as a topical treatment for burns at burn units in Atlanta and San Antonio and was introduced into IV usage in 1971. Aluminium sulfate is a salt with the formula Al 2 (SO 4) 3.It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a coagulating agent (promoting particle collision by neutralizing charge) in the purification of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.. (ii) It turns red or pink Identity X, Y, G and Z. In order to verify this, add a few drops of universal indicator solution in the test tubes containing the acids. [3], Gentamicin is naturally produced by the bacterium Micromonospora purpurea,[7][3] was patented in 1962, approved for medical use in 1964. Decomposition reaction involving absorption of electrical energy: Question 21. Question 3. (A) exchange of atoms takes place Current studies indicate that the increase in greenhouse gases, most notably CO2, is mostly responsible for the observed warming. Some herbicides cause a range of health effects ranging from skin rashes to death. , Question 5. 3BaCl2(aq) + A12(S04)3(aq) > 3BaS04(s) + 2AlCl3(aq) Name the reducing agent in the following reaction: Henrik Svensmark has suggested that the magnetic activity of the sun deflects cosmic rays, and that this may influence the generation of cloud condensation nuclei, and thereby have an effect on the climate. [NCERT Exemplar] Studies by Lockwood and Frhlich (2007)[104] and Sloan and Wolfendale (2008)[105] found no relation between warming in recent decades and cosmic rays. Question 6. An herbicide described as having high residual activity will remain potent for a long term in the soil. (a) Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen chloride [3] This may include bone infections, endocarditis, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis among others. For example, many triazine-resistant weeds have been readily controlled by the use of alternative herbicides such as dicamba or glyphosate. Answer: Mineral acids are generally strong acids. (a) Alkali, for example, NaOH (Sodium hydroxide). For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH). (i) 2NaCl (aq) + 2H2O(l) Therefore Z can be CaOCl2. Chemically, it is calcium oxychloride or calcium hypochlorite. (i) Why did Priyanka cry? (a) Double displacement as well as precipitation reaction. , Sodium sulphate with barium chloride in the form of their solutions in water, Iron nail with copper sulphate solution in water. Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation: (Board Term I, 2016) 3MnO2 + 4Al > 3Mn + 2Al2O3 6500 vehicles, 2022 Ford Motor Company of Australia Pty Limited I Ford Cars, SUVs and Commercial Vehicles. What will be your observation in this case? When copper powder is heated in a China dish, the reddish brown surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black substance which is copper oxide. Identify the displacement and the double displacement reaction from the following reactions. Therefore chemical equation must be balanced in each and every chemical reaction. [CBSE 2010] Identify A, B and C. [NCERT Exemplar] (a) H2SO4 + NaCl NaHSO4 + HCl (g) Other human effects are relevantfor example, sulphate aerosols are believed to have a cooling effect. refrigeration of food materials, Climate Forcings and Climate Models", "Notes for slide number 7, titled "Satellite evidence also suggests greenhouse gas warming," in presentation, "Human contributions to global climate change", "Hadley Cell Widening: Model Simulations versus Observations", "About the long-term coordinated variations of the activity, radius, total irradiance of the Sun and the Earth's climate", "Look to Mars for the truth on global warming", "Mars Melt Hints at Solar, Not Human, Cause for Warming, Scientist Says", "Sun Blamed for Warming of Earth and Other Worlds", "Global warming and climate forcing by recent of albedo changes on Mars", "MIT researcher finds evidence of global warming on Neptune's largest moon", "New Storm on Jupiter Hints at Climate Change", "Pluto is undergoing global warming, researchers find", "The earth's magnetic field impacts climate: Danish study", Response 336, in Sec 3.2.2 Solar Irradiance, "TS.2.4 Radiative Forcing Due to Solar Activity and Volcanic Eruptions", "Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature", Response 3-36, in Sec 3.2.2 Solar Irradiance, Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature, "Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Since both the solutions were colourless, how would she distinguish between the two? According to the historical temperature record of the last century, the Earth's near-surface air temperature has risen around 0.74 0.18Celsius (1.3 0.32Fahrenheit).[39]. 9500 vehicles, Mondeo (2014-2017) approx. (a) (i) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Magnesium burns in air by taking oxygen from air to form magnesium oxide and is basic in nature. [22] However, when gentamicin binds at helix 44 of the 16S rRNA, it forces the adenosines to maintain the position they take when there is a correct, or cognate, match between aa-tRNA and mRNA. In decomposition reaction, a compound is broken down into simpler compounds or elements, e.g. Mention one important use of the compound. According to Wilson, "Wobbles in the orbit of Mars are the main cause of its climate change in the current era" (see also orbital forcing). Question 28. Answer: Smell of burning sulphur. Write balanced equations for the following mentioning the type of reaction involved. H2and O2. Global Change Research Program concluded that "[global] warming is unequivocal and primarily human-induced. When dissolved in water, it evolves a large amount of heat and forms compound B. NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 One practical advantage of sequences of two herbicides compared with mixtures is that a better appraisal of the efficacy of each herbicide component is possible, provided that sufficient time elapses between each application. My vehicles been in a crash or incident and had a replacement airbag installed. Question 28. (c) State the change in colour of pH paper on dipping in solution C and D. [CBSE 2012, 2013] Strong acid: Strong acids ionise completely in their aqueous solutions to produce a large number of hydrogen ions. After a month, it lost some of its chlorine content. Na2CO3. (ii) Write chemical name and the formula of the brown gas produced during thermal decomposition of lead nitrate. (a) Can a displacement reaction be a redox reaction? (iii) Ammonia and hydrogen chloride gasesare mixed. What happens to the bulb and why? [33], The complete biosynthesis of gentamicin is not entirely elucidated. Question 14. What type of chemical reaction occurs in this change? Answer: Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades when they only take into account variations in total solar irradiance and volcanic activity. Question 32. [47], Finally, there is extensive statistical evidence from so-called "fingerprint" studies. Its solution in water gives blue colour with red litmus. (2007) allowed for the possibility that climate models had been underestimated the effect of solar forcing. The pH of three solutions A, B and C are 4, 9 and 6 respectively. Answer. [11], Gentamicin is active against a wide range of bacterial infections, mostly Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas, Proteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia, and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus. [54], Weed resistance to herbicides has become a major concern in crop production worldwide. Question 20. Question 7. (i) The yellowish white solid is known as bleaching powder. A sample of bleaching powder was kept in an air tight container. An essential pre-requisite for confirmation of resistance is a good diagnostic test. What happens chemically when quicklime is added to water filled in a bucket? (d) (A) and (B) Test for hydrogen gas: When a burning candle is brought near hydrogen gas, it bums with a pop sound which confirms the presence of hydrogen gas. Even though weeds have already evolved some resistance to those herbicides, Powles says the new seed-and-herbicide combos should work well if used with proper rotation. If the airbag inflator hasnt degraded to a critical point, the airbag will still perform as normal. Question 10. (a) Alkali Predict the substance. Because most herbicides could not kill all weeds, farmers rotate crops and herbicides to stop the development of resistant weeds. (i) Change in colour For soybeans in Illinois, costs have risen from about $25 to $160 per hectare. [NCERT Exemplar] Carbonate soft drink contains carbon dioxide dissolved in water. Fe(s) + CuS04(aq) > FeS04(aq) + Cu(s). Glowing of the bulb indicates that there is a flow of electric current through the solution. FAQ 2.1, How do Human Activities Contribute to Climate Change and How do They Compare with Natural Influences? Modern herbicides are often synthetic mimics of natural plant hormones which interfere with growth of the target plants. If these are resistant, then the second herbicide in the sequence may increase selection for resistant individuals by killing the susceptible plants which were damaged but not killed by the first application, but allowing the larger, less affected, resistant plants to survive. [3] Gentamicin should also be avoided when prescribing empirical antibiotics in the setting of possible infant botulism (Ampicillin with Gentamicin is commonly used as empiric therapy in infants) also due to worsening of neuromuscular function. Question 2. (d) (B), (C) and (D) Answer: () Name the substances X and Y. Answer. In a double displacement reaction such as the reaction between sodium sulphate solution and barium chloride solution : For the Northern Hemisphere, the recent temperature rise is clearly unusual in at least the last 1,000 years (see graph opposite). In an e-mail interview with Than (2007), Peiser stated that: "I think it is an intriguing coincidence that warming trends have been observed on a number of very diverse planetary bodies in our solar system, () Perhaps this is just a fluke.". What is rancidity? [51] As of 1992[update], studies on phenoxy herbicides were too few to accurately assess the risk of many types of cancer from these herbicides, even though evidence was stronger that exposure to these herbicides is associated with increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. An exception is ammonium hexachloroplatinate, the formation of which was once used as a test for ammonium.The ammonium salts of nitrate and especially perchlorate are highly explosive, in (iii) Combination reaction. (ii) decrease its pH The removal of ammonia (and water) from such structures So, this reaction is a chemical change. Calcium belongs to group 2. unlikely to be due entirely to internal variability; consistent with the estimated responses to the given combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing. Question 1. Acidic substances: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH You can also contact your local Ford Dealer or call the Ford Takata hotline to check if your vehicle is affected on 1800 503 673. This can successfully treat annual plants but not perennials. Gentamicin is one of the few heat-stable antibiotics that remain active even after autoclaving, which makes it particularly useful in the preparation of some microbiological growth media. What is dilution? (i) Priyanka cried because the bee injected an acid while stinging which caused pain and irritation. Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (ag) 2NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l). Please refer to Fords Recall Initiation Schedule here for details on when vehicles will be recalled. Write the chemical equations evolved. Observations from weather balloons, satellites, and surface thermometers seemed to show the opposite behaviour (more rapid warming of the surface than the troposphere). Quastel was tasked by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) to discover methods for improving crop yield. Apart from that, we can also use other natural indicators; like China rose or turmeric. When uncertainties in models and observations are properly accounted for, newer observational data sets (with better treatment of known problems) are in agreement with climate model results. Gentamicin C2b, an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by, "Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin C(1), C(1a), and C(2) in beagles after a single intravenous dose", "Biotransformation, A New Approach to Aminoglycoside biosynthesis: II Gentamicin", "GenK-Catalyzed C-6 Methylation in the Biosynthesis of Gentamicin: Isolation and Characterization of a Cobalamin-Dependent Radical SAM Enzyme", "Identification of gntK, a gene required for the methylation of purpurosamine C-6 in gentamicin biosynthesis", "Specificity and Promiscuity at the Branch Point in Gentamicin Biosynthesis", "The bifunctional enzyme, GenB4, catalyzes the last step of gentamicin 3,4-di-deoxygenation via reduction and transamination activities", "Gentamicin Therapy and MT-RNR1 Genotype", National Center for Biotechnology Information, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gentamicin&oldid=1126249701, World Health Organization essential medicines, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with changed DrugBank identifier, Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 December 2022, at 09:28. Answer: Non-target-site resistance: This is caused by mechanisms that reduce the amount of herbicidal active compound reaching the target site. (i) It is because zinc has displaced copper from CuS04. Answer: (ii) when an acid reacts with a metal bicarbonate Quastel was able to quantify the influence of various plant hormones, inhibitors and other chemicals on the activity of microorganisms in the soil and assess their direct impact on plant growth. (a) Explain how antacids give relief from acidity. Answer: Answer. The term organic herbicide has come to mean herbicides intended for organic farming. What should be done as remedy if stung by leaves of nettle plant in the wild? Even when herbicides which have low toxicity to birds are used, they decrease the abundance of many types of vegetation on which the birds rely. H2 + Cl2 2HCl The time required is less than half a day, depending on your vehicle. Answer: When hydrogen gas is passed over CuO, the black coating on the surface turned reddish brown due to the formation of Cu. Pierce and Adams (2009)[106] used a model to simulate the effect of cosmic rays on cloud properties. (i) 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g) Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 (g), (b) Iron (II) sulphate According to the US EPA (2009), this attribution was not supported by the bulk of the scientific literature. [84] Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. [93] In his newsletter, Peiser had cited a blog that had commented on warming observed on several planetary bodies in the Solar System. Some of the causes of climate change are, generally, not connected with it directly in the media coverage. [87] Depletion of the ozone layer by chemical refrigerants has also resulted in a cooling effect in the stratosphere. They can be foliar or root absorbed, selective or nonselective, and contact or systemic. (d) In this reaction exchange of Na+ and Ba2+ ions takes place forming BaSO4 which is a white precipitate i.e., an insoluble salt. (i) what was the colour of the precipitate formed and can you name the precipitate? 35.AgN03(aq) + NaCl(aq) > AgCl(s)4 + NaN03(aq) (iv)Change in temperature. [25], In May 2019, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere reached 415ppm. This gives relief from pain. Weeds resistant to multiple herbicides with completely different biological action modes are on the rise. What happens when food particles left in the mouth after eating degrade? (c) (i) It is used in laundry for washing clothes. [12], Kidney damage is a problem in 1025% of people who receive aminoglycosides, and gentamicin is one of the most nephrotoxic drugs of this class. For example, populations of Alopecurus myosuroides (blackgrass) with an enhanced metabolism mechanism show resistance to pendimethalin but not to trifluralin, despite both being dinitroanilines. (iii) Cl2 reacts with slaked lime to form bleaching powder. coloured solution of FeS04 and reddish brown copper metal gets deposited. A MESSAGE FROM QUALCOMM Every great tech product that you rely on each day, from the smartphone in your pocket to your music streaming service and navigational system in the car, shares one important thing: part of its innovative design is protected by intellectual property (IP) laws. One of the most important methods for preventing, delaying, or managing resistance is to reduce the reliance on a single herbicide mode of action. A practical problem can be the lack of awareness by farmers of the different groups of herbicides that exist. Question 5. The climate system will vary in response to changes in forcings. Write relevant balanced chemical equations also. Conclusion: Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight is photochemical decomposition reaction. Moistened NH3 gas: Turns red litmus blue. (b). (c) Common salt (containing traces of magnesium chloride) becomes sticky during the monsoons. 66. Answer. Answer: Question 9. This is desirable, as it allows crops and plants to be planted afterwards, which could otherwise be affected by the herbicide. There are also some insights related to the law of mass action, the factors affecting equilibrium and the equilibrium constant as per Le Chateliers principle. (d) What values are exhibited by Shanti and the classmates? Researchers at the Agricultural Research Service found that the application of herbicides to fields late in the weeds' growing season greatly reduces their seed production, and therefore fewer weeds will return the following season. (2020) It is basically an oxidation reaction. (iii) Mention the values exhibited by the science teacher. The scientific consensus on climate change", "Joint science academies' statement: Global response to climate change", "Joint statement by NASAC to the G8 on sustainability, energy efficiency and climate change", "Structure of Scientific Opinion on Climate Change", "A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere", "Estimation of natural and anthropogenic contributions to twentieth century temperature change", 20.500.11820/ab4c4ebd-df4e-4487-bcb7-71647f928873, "Detecting and Attributing External Influences on the Climate System: A Review of Recent Advances", "Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere Understanding and Reconciling Differences (Executive Summary)". (a) When lead nitrate is added to potassium iodide then yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed along with potassium nitrate. Methods of prevention: Write balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions: Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities:[8], The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities reflects the view of the scientific community,[9][10][11] and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide. Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]-Year 2013, 40. (b) A + B C It is vital that resistance is detected at an early stage as if it becomes an acute, whole-farm problem, options are more limited and greater expense is almost inevitable. Therefore, the metal carbonate X is calcium carbonate, CaCO3. Soap solution is basic in nature hence it turns red litmus paper blue. According to law of conservation of mass, matter can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction. (a) When hydrogen gas is passed over this heated substance, a visible change is seen in it. It is a silvery white metal. The chart at right attributes anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to eight main economic sectors, of which the largest contributors are power stations (many of which burn coal or other fossil fuels), industrial processes, transportation fuels (generally fossil fuels), and agricultural by-products (mainly methane from enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide from fertilizer use). [17] Kidney function should be checked periodically during therapy. Answer: Due to a chemical change, the chemical properties of matter also change. They concluded that the hypothesized effect of cosmic rays was too small to explain recent climate change. (B) exchange of ions takes place [18], About 11% of the population who receives aminoglycosides experience damage to their inner ear. 3. The acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring. (i) The solution with pH 6 is acidic while the solution with pH 8 is basic. This internal variability is a result of complex interactions between components of the climate system, such as the coupling between the atmosphere and ocean (see also the later section on Internal climate variability and global warming). 60.You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a china dish, the surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black colour substance. 21000 vehicles, Ranger (2006-2011) approx. "[66] (Board Term I, 2017) When zinc metal is treated with a dilute solution of a strong acid, a gas is evolved, which is utilised in the hydrogenation of oil. Gentamicin is also useful against Yersinia pestis (responsible for plague), its relatives, and Francisella tularensis (the organism responsible for tularemia often seen in hunters and trappers). Answer: Adverse effects of gentamicin can range from less severe reactions, such as nausea and vomiting, to more severe reactions including:[12], Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are thought to be dose related with higher doses causing greater chance of toxicity. Answer: 1300 vehicles, Courier (2004-2006) approx. Write the chemical reaction taking place when the powder is heated during baking. Global climate models suggest that climate change may widen the Hadley cells and push the jetstream northward thereby expanding the tropics region and resulting in warmer, dryer conditions in those areas overall.[89]. FeSO4 + H2 (g), (c) Zinc carbonate (b) Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) PbCl2(aq)+ Cu(s) (ii)Change in colour. [47], These projections have been confirmed by observations (shown above). medication (vet): as prophylactic &/or therapeutic foot bath in foot rot of cattle and sheep; as fungicidal agent in the therapy of ringworm & fungal syndromes of skin; as caustic in destroying fistulous tracts, necrotic interdigital masses in foot rot, proud flesh, and ulcerative stomatitis; /has been used/ as an emetic in cats, dogs, and pigs or to ppt poisonous phorphorus cmpd such as [4]:3, 443, According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2021, it is "unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land since pre-industrial times. [51], This does not mean, however, that all remaining differences between models and observations have been resolved. [9] Classification by mechanism of action (MOA) indicates the first enzyme, protein, or biochemical step affected in the plant following application. (a) Because ferric chloride is deliquescent in nature. Between 1750 and 2007, about two-thirds of anthropogenic CO2 emissions were produced from burning fossil fuels, and about one-third of emissions from changes in land use,[32] primarily deforestation. [NCERT Exemplar] (i) Reaction between an acid and a base State the chemical reaction of X with water. Question 18. 1. Now touch the test tube from outside. For example, a 1995 panel of 13 scientists reviewing studies on the carcinogenicity of 2,4-D had divided opinions on the likelihood 2,4-D causes cancer in humans. Burning of magnesium in air. (ii) An aqueous solution of an acid releases ions in aqueous solutions. When washing soda (Na2CO3) is heated it does not produce carbon dioxide even at high temperatures, but gives off its water of crystallisation to become anhydrous salt. Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above chemical reaction. Soap solution: Turns red litmus blue. You are provided with the following materials in your laboratory: (b) Combination reaction. Attempts were made to simplify the understanding of herbicide mode of action by developing a classification system that grouped herbicides by mode of action. Habibullo Abdussamatov (2004), head of space research at St. Petersburg's Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory in Russia, has argued that the Sun is responsible for recently observed climate change. [82] (ii) 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4 It was found that blue colour of the solution gets fader and fader with the passage of time. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the type of the chemical reaction. When human influences are removed from the model experiments, results suggest that the surface of the Earth would actually have cooled slightly over the last 50 years. What is a reduction reaction? After fertilizer application, water is let in to a depth of about 20-40 cm and gradually increased to 1 m a week after fertilization. antibacterials), catalysts in plastic and glue production and heat stabilisers in plastics/rubber. (d) double displacement reaction. Question 15. Answer: Write the chemical equation for each reaction. A sulphate salt of Group 2 element of the Periodic Table is a white, soft substance, which can be moulded into different shapes by making its dough. (D) an insoluble salt is produced (ii) Change in temperature This is due to differences in the vulnerability of these two herbicides to oxidative metabolism. 65. Warming influence of atmospheric greenhouse gases has nearly doubled since 1979, with carbon dioxide and methane being the dominant drivers. Answer. No single study is a "smoking gun." NaHCO3 + HCl(dil.) Answer: In the real world, the climate changes that have occurred since the start of the Industrial Revolution are due to a complex mixture of human and natural causes. recent global warming and related climate changes on Earth, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Internal climate variability and global warming, Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change, Academic studies of scientific agreement on human-caused global warming, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, temperature record of the past 1000 years, "Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change", "Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system", "NASA What's in a Name? We have given theseImportant Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations to solve different types of questions in the exam. It is not intended for use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e., no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc. Write the name of the powder. Answer: Question 2. It can be classified as double displacement as well as precipitation reaction. Question 16. Translate the following statement into chemical equation and then balance it Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate. (i) Combination reaction The triazine family of herbicides, which includes atrazine, were introduced in the 1950s; they have the current distinction of being the herbicide family of greatest concern regarding groundwater contamination. Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]-Year 2009. The authors of the study also acknowledged that CO2 plays an important role in climate change. Question 2. (iii) List two types of reaction in which this reaction may be classified. (iii) Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O. Curd: Turns blue litmus red. (iii) You have four solutions A, B, C and D. The pH of solution A is 6, B is 9, C is 12 and D is 7. Question 26. (d) Digestion of food [20] Detection of a climate signal does not always imply significant attribution. Answer: The effect usually relates to an enzyme with a crucial function in a metabolic pathway, or to a component of an. Give one more example of this type of reaction. Herbicides do not prevent weeds from germinating but they kill weeds as they grow through the herbicide treated zone by affecting the cell division in the emerging seedling. Double displacement reaction (ii) Displacement reaction. Table 1 lists factors which enable the risk of resistance to be assessed. 76.What do you mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? If you require further assistance from us and are deaf or have a hearing or speech impairment, please contact the National Relay Service for Consumers at www.relayservice.gov.au. (ii) How are antacid tablets helpful in such indigestion? [36] (c) What can you say about the pH of a solution that liberates CO2 from sodium carbonate? Evidence of the effect of external influences, both anthropogenic and natural, on the climate system has continued to accumulate since the TAR. Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts with Answers Solutions, Question 1. [50], The message from this entire body of work is that the climate system is telling a consistent story of increasingly dominant human influence the changes in temperature, ice extent, moisture, and circulation patterns fit together in a physically consistent way, like pieces in a complex puzzle. The gas so formed turns lime water milky, which confirms the presence of carbon dioxide gas. Calcium carbonate gives carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with hydrochloric acid. 69500 vehicles, Mondeo (2007-2009) approx. What if I need help translating this information? Answer: Question 5. (d) If sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated, sodium zincate is formed along with hydrogen gas. 52.Using a suitable chemical equation, justify that some chemical reactions are determined by: (i) It gets decolourised (iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. [CBSE 2009, 2010] [61] By 1983, patches of ryegrass had become immune to Hoegrass, a family of herbicides that inhibit an enzyme called acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. How does the pH change as it turns to curd? Ford is issuing an urgent recall on all vehicles fitted with affected frontal Silver chloride becomes grey. This is electrolytic decomposition reaction. (Board Term I, 2015) [106] Pierce and Adams (2009)[107] noted that their findings did not rule out a possible connection between cosmic rays and climate change, and recommended further research. How do I know whether or not my vehicle is affected? Question 3. Herbicide adsorption to soil, Foliar applied: These are applied to portion of the plant above the ground and are absorbed by exposed tissues. [2]:5 Herbicide is also used in forestry,[3] where certain formulations have been found to suppress hardwood varieties in favor of conifers after clearcutting,[4] as well as pasture systems, and management of areas set aside as wildlife habitat. 2,4-D is a selective, systemic, foliar absorbed postemergence herbicide. This will enable you to stay up-to-date with the Takata recall information. (iv) electricity is passed through acidified water. A substance X is used as a building material and is insoluble in water. Acidic and basic solutions in water conduct electricity. Sodium carbonate is used to remove hardness of water. Write the balanced chemical equation involved in the process. (c) only (B) ISO 993:1976 Potassium hydroxide for industrial use Determination of sulphate content Barium sulphate gravimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 994:1973 Potassium hydroxide for industrial use Determination of iron content 1,10- Phenanthroline photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] Compound Y is calcium oxychloride which is commonly known as bleaching powder and used as bleaching agent in chemical industries. (a) Sodium sulphate (b) Define the terms oxidation and reduction. [26], Along with CO2, methane and to a lesser extent nitrous oxide are also major forcing contributors to the greenhouse effect. Observe the colour of silver chloride formed chloride to grey silver metal Dry it with the help of filter papers and place it on the watch glass. Models indicate that solar and volcanic forcings can explain periods of relative warmth and cold between AD1000 and 1900, but human-induced forcings are needed to reproduce the late-20th century warming. [43], The risk of Parkinson's disease has been shown to increase with occupational exposure to herbicides and pesticides. Gentamicin A, B, X, and a few others make up the remaining 20% of gentamicin and have lower antibiotic activity than the gentamicin C complex. Question 11. Much will depend on the resistance mechanisms present, and it should not be assumed that these will necessarily be the same in different populations of the same species. Strong acid: Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid A suspension of Ca(OH)2 in water is called slaked lime. Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. (b) Baking soda is a mild base. Its chemical formula is Na2CO3.10H2O. Much public suspicion of herbicides revolves around a confusion between valid statements of acute toxicity as opposed to equally valid statements of lack of chronic toxicity at the recommended levels of usage. Multiple resistance: In this situation, two or more resistance mechanisms are present within individual plants, or within a plant population. Question 9. Answer. (ii) Brushing of teeth is helpful and prevent tooth decay. (i) Identify X and Y. Dry HCl gas does not liberate hydrogen ion, hence no action takes place with litmus paper. Synthetic indicators: Phenolphthalein, methyl orange. If there is resistance to a single group of herbicides, then the use of herbicides from other groups may provide a simple and effective solution, at least in the short term. Question 11. 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