Given that food lists are culturally specific, FFQs need to be adapted and validated for use in different contexts (Thompson & Subar, 2013). Dietary diversity: What is it and how do we measure it? Dietary Diversity, Dietary Quality, and Child Nutritional Status: Evidence from Eleven Demographic and Health Surveys Mary Arimond and Marie T. Ruel March 2004. A single point was awarded to each of the food groups consumed over the reference period giving a maximum sum total dietary diversity score of 12 points for each . 0000001818 00000 n The frequency of consumption of different foods based on monthly recall was collected using a semi-quantitative questionnaire. In addition, useful analyses can be carried out to understand the relationship between infant and young child feeding practices and nutritional outcomes (e.g. To easily assess the dietary diversity of a population, a practical tool was developed: the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) (7). 0000001568 00000 n While a number of studies have examined the association between household food security and child nutritional sta-tus [9, 12, 19], very few used household dietary diversity as an indicator of household food security. Registration and Coffee . diversity Article Putting Plant Genetic Diversity and Variability at Work for Breeding: Hybrid Rice Suitability in West Africa Raafat El-Namaky 1, Mamadou M. Bare Coulibaly 2, Maji Alhassan 1,3, Karim Traore 1, Francis Nwilene 4, Ibnou Dieng 5, Rodomiro Ortiz 6,* and Baboucarr Manneh 1 1 Africa Rice Center (Africa Rice) Sahel Station, B.P. J Nutr Health Sci 3(3): 303. doi: 10.15744/2393-9060.3.303 Volume 3 | Issue 3 Journal of Nutrition and Health Sciences Because food lists are developed with a specific population in mind, it can be difficult to accurately compare results across populations (cultures or countries) with different dietary patterns. ! The population-level indicator is calculated based on the following formula: For more information on calculating this indicator, refer to the WHO measurement guidelines (WHO, 2010). From the dietary intake assessment, seven categories of food were found: cereals and cereal-based products, legumes and legume-based products, starchy roots and tubers, fruits and vegetables, meat and fish products, eggs and egg products, and milk and milk products. Organisms face numerous challenges over their lifetimes, including from competitors and parasites, and experience selection to maximise their fitness in the face of these various pressures. Similarly, there are a number of studies on individual dietary diversity . The household dietary diversity questionnaire represents a rapid, user-friendly and easily administered low-cost assessment tool. Usual frequency of intake is prone to measurement error, particularly with recall periods longer than seven days (and usual portion size questions are prone to measurement error), If the FFQ is too long it can be more time consuming to administer than a standard, Like most surveys, to capture seasonal variation data collection must span the entire year or be repeated in multiple seasons. Dietary diversity (DD) relates to nutrient adequacy (coverage of basic needs in terms of macro and micro nutrients) and to diet variety/balance, which are two of the main components of diet quality. Example questionnaires can be found in the WHO (2008) Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices document, which includes: 1) a household roster, 2) an initiation of breastfeeding module, and 3) an IYCF module. Jaharis Building 150 Harrison Ave Copyright 2015 - 2022 International Dietary Data Expansion, Design by Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Web and Communications, Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices, WHO, (2008). 0000003165 00000 n Household dietary diversity Score (HDDS) is a qualitative measure of food consumption that reflects household access to a variety of foods. The data cleaned, coded . 0000003654 00000 n MICS was officially launched in 1994 in South Asia with 28 indicators, and now includes over 300 surveys in 112 countries, with 237 distinct indicators (counting those requiring sex disaggregation). Wanna know more? Dietary intakes were assessed using a 3-day dietary record. Dietary diversity score is most often determined by counting the number of selected food groups consumed by a household or individuals over a reference period, which usually ranges between 1-3 days, and in some cases extends to 7 days or even to 15 days [9,23,24]. Dietary diversity is defined as the number of individual food items or food groups consumed over a given period of time (Ruel, 2003). Dietary diversity is described as the consumption of various food types such as vegetables, fruits, grains, tuber, meat, and dairy product during a given time. More generally, dietary diversity modules are frequently included as short modules in multi-purpose household survey questionnaires. DHS data can be explored online through the DHS STATcompiler or downloaded for further analysis (DHS, 2018). This paper examines the effect of women's effective land ownership on female empowerment and household food security in the context of Peruvian family farming. FFQs typically collect information on the frequency of consumption but not necessarily on the quantity consumed. Dietary diversity is a measure of the number of individual foods or food groups consumed in a given period of time. "Global Nutrition Monitoring Framework: Operational guidance for tracking progress in meeting targets for 2025", FANTA. "Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: Part 3 Country Profiles", United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund, (2016). In addition, the various dietary diversity scores can be constructed from existing data, as long as the recall period is aligned. fying food intake in population studies is challenging. The Spearman rho correlation test revealed a positive correlation (r= 0.184, p=0.028) between BMI categories and dietary diversity . Household dietary diversity, defined as the number of unique foods consumed by household members over a given period, has been validated to be a useful approach for measuring household food access, particularly when resources for undertaking such measurement are scarce. HDDS is not meant to be used in accessing dietary diversity at individual level. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) is an index for evaluating whole dietary intake [7] and is associated with a higher intake of macro and micro-nutrient, better diet adequacy, and higher fiber. This change is reflected for MDD and MAD in the Data4Diets platform. It can be measured at the household or individual level through use of a questionnaire. Agromorphological Diversity and Disease Assessment of Grain Amaranth in Lamjung, Nepal. Evidence suggests that dietary diversity promotes nutrient. For more precise population measures of nutrient adequacy by age/sex groups individual-level data from 24-hour Dietary Recalls or Weighed Food Records should be used. FFQs are a common method for measuring dietary patterns in large epidemiological studies of diet and health. The MICS was developed by UNICEF to assist countries in filling data gaps on childrens and womens health statuses (UNICEF, 2018). 0000002850 00000 n We now analyze more explicitly how access to markets affects dietary diversity by including additional ex-planatory variables into the regression models. EAT-LANCET norms suggest that total calories from cereals should be about 32.44% for a healthy diet (Willett et al., 2019 ). Studies have shown that an increase in dietary diversity is associated with socio-economic status and household food security (household energy availability) (Hoddinot and Yohannes, 2002; Hatloy et al., 2000). Data are gathered from a questionnaire administered to the childs caregiver, usually as part of the IYCF module. Household Dietary Diversity module, MDD module for children from 6-23 months). Dietary diversity scores do not yield quantitative information on dietary intake or nutrient adequacy. Wanna know more? Working Group on Infant and Young Child Feeding Indicators, (2007). [4] Moreover, dietary diversity associated with health outcomes such as being overweight [5] or an increased mortality [6] .Dietary diversity is influenced by various determinants such as physical and mental health, economic status, or food environment. 0000006751 00000 n This indicator is also available for many countries in the United Nations International Childrens Emergency Funds (UNICEF) Infant and Young Child Feeding Database (UNICEF),and is collected as part of manyDemographic and Health Surveys (DHS). 0000001546 00000 n This study revealed an overall good dietary diversity among the studied Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A secondary data was used to assess the association between dietary diversity and nutritional status of adolescents in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. The Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) program is the largest household survey program on children and women worldwide. 0000000731 00000 n Scoring and analysis of the information collected with the questionnaire is straightforward. Dietary diversity can be measured at either the household or the individual level and higher scores represent a more diverse diet. For households, a higher score is an indicator of increased economic access to a varied diet for household members (though the indicator does not reflect intra-household dietary patterns). 2. The household dietary diversity score described in the guideline consists of a simple count of food groups that a household has consumed over the preceding 24 hours. Adolescents in the age of 13-17 years old included in the analysis. Food consumption modules of Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys (HCES) that use a food list and an extended recall period can also be considered a type of FFQ. Some potential data sources include Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys (HCES), Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) & Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), or Food Frequency Questionnaires. u}~%Gqs+v~YjBv.;ezoe+>wt!>oUUMJ**D2VT`fo!I-u^YbJ/@629~sfb8CJ+P? Additionally, 37% and 2.4% of the respondents were in the medium (4-5 food groups) and low dietary diversity tercile (3 food groups) respectively. Challenge. Dietary diversity can be measured at either the household or the individual level and higher scores represent a more diverse diet. "World Health Organization infant and young child feeding indicators and their associations with child anthropometry: A synthesis of recent findings", Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) & Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys, Dr. Marie Ruel, Director of Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Resarch Institute (IFPRI), Relatively easy to use and to integrate as a short module into surveys, Requires fewer resources than attempting to measure quantitative dietary consumption data for nutrient adequacy, Calculating the scores is a straightforward process and training others to collect data does not require a large amount of time, Dietary diversity scores can give an idea of what types of foods are consumed, Modules usually require tailoring to specific contexts, Household-level dietary diversity scores do not provide information on individual household members and cannot be used to draw conclusions about individuals, Median duration and frequency of breastfeeding, Percentage of children 6-23 months who are fed according to, Publicly available, well-documented data sources that are free to use, Provide information on trends over time as data are collected routinely in many countries (~5 years), A core set of survey modules are standardized across countries allowing for comparability over time and place; some countries include additional modules (e.g. Please cite as: INDDEX Project (2018), Data4Diets: Building Blocks for Diet-related Food Security Analysis. However, these measures of usual intake are a more valid indicator of the relationship between diet and health outcomes than those capturing only a single 24-hour snapshot of the diet (24-hour Dietary Recalls can only provide information on usual intake if data are collected from respondents on multiple non-consecutive days). Role of Market Access. Measures "usual" household consumption; Standardized food group weights are used to construct index. endstream endobj 215 0 obj 609 endobj 199 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 182 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 200 0 R /F1 206 0 R /F2 209 0 R >> /XObject << /im1 213 0 R >> /ProcSet 211 0 R >> /Contents 202 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 200 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F0 /BaseFont /Arial,Bold /FirstChar 31 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 750 278 333 474 556 556 889 722 238 333 333 389 584 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 333 333 584 584 584 611 975 722 722 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 556 722 611 833 722 778 667 778 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 333 278 333 584 556 333 556 611 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 278 556 278 889 611 611 611 611 389 556 333 611 556 778 556 556 500 389 280 389 584 750 556 750 278 556 500 1000 556 556 333 1000 667 333 1000 750 750 750 750 278 278 500 500 350 556 1000 333 1000 556 333 944 750 750 667 278 333 556 556 556 556 280 556 333 737 370 556 584 333 737 552 400 549 333 333 333 576 556 278 333 333 365 556 834 834 834 611 722 722 722 722 722 722 1000 722 667 667 667 667 278 278 278 278 722 722 778 778 778 778 778 584 778 722 722 722 722 667 667 611 556 556 556 556 556 556 889 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 278 611 611 611 611 611 611 611 549 611 611 611 611 611 556 611 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 201 0 R >> endobj 201 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /Arial,Bold /Flags 16416 /FontBBox [ -250 -273 1200 1000 ] /MissingWidth 727 /StemV 145 /StemH 145 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 1000 /XHeight 700 /Ascent 1000 /Descent -273 /Leading 273 /MaxWidth 1000 /AvgWidth 455 >> endobj 202 0 obj [ 204 0 R 208 0 R ] endobj 203 0 obj 520 endobj 204 0 obj << /Length 203 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream Household dietary diversity Score (HDDS) is a qualitative measure of food consumption that reflects household access to a variety of foods. It is recommended to follow the new procedures and guidelines for assessing Womens dietary diversity (MDD-W) in any future studies. A drawback is that recall bias may increase with longer periods of recall (Coates et al., 2012). Demand for wheat will rise 50% by 2050, with a world population of 9 billion or more and as many as 6.3 billion city dwellers buying convenience foods. From adversity to #diversity in law firms. stunting, wasting). Variation in an individual's diet is associated with the intake of adequate energy and essential nutrients; increasing variety in ones diet is recommended in most dietary guidelines globally (Ruel, 2003). Most often it is measured by counting the number of food groups rather than the development of a botanical diversity index (BDI) to evaluate plant food consumption as a novel metric for identifying and quantifying phytochemicals to which an individual is exposed. Motivation and Overview for the Women's Dietary Diversity Project I and II We reject the hypothesis that diet diversity decreased over the year with COVID-19; in fact, we find that women's diet diversity significantly increased. The other seven indicators are: early initiation of breastfeeding; exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months; continued breastfeeding at 1 year; introduction of solid, semi-solid, or soft foods; minimum acceptable diet; minimum meal frequency; and consumption of iron-rich or iron-fortified foods. On average, a 1% increase in dietary diversity is associated with a 1% increase in household per capita consumption, a 0.7% increase in household per capita caloric availability, a 0.5% increase in household Household Dietary Diversity Indicator Guide for Measurement of Household Food Access, v.2 2 A more diversified diet is highly correlated with such factors as caloric and protein adequacy, percentage of protein from animal sources (high quality protein), and household income. For more details see WHO/UNICEF 2017. Measures of dietary diversity are relatively simple and were shown to be associated with nutrient adequacy and nutritional status. Measures both minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency. Dietary diversity is about taking varieties of food item and reflected as a proxy measure of micronutrient adequacy [1,3]. Variation in an individual's diet is associated with the intake of adequate energy and essential nutrients; increasing variety in ones diet is recommended in most dietary guidelines globally (Ruel, 2003). Jaharis Building 150 Harrison Ave Healthy, diversified diets consisting of nutrient-rich sources of food, such as animal source foods, fruits, vegetables, beans and pulses need to be made available, accessible, affordable and acceptable. The MDD only reflects the complementary feeding diet, not breastfeeding status; the MAD should be used if the objective is to measure both breastfeeding status and complementary feeding (WHO, 2008). Household dietary diversity has been shown to be associated with caloric and protein adequacy and household income (Swindale & Bilinksy, 2006). 0000002827 00000 n An unprecedented global alliance for productive, climate-resilient and protable wheatagri-food systems in lower and middle-income The new indicator reflects consumption of at least five of ten food groups (see the chart on the next page), and can be generated from surveys. Dietary diversity scores are not direct measures of consumption and not all have been validated as proxy measures of nutrient adequacy. It measures in a snapshot form, Dietary assessment showed that 64.4% of the respondents had dietary diversity scores that were below the mean value, while 35.6% had scores above the mean value. However, this indicator cannot be used to compare populations with different rates of continued breastfeeding, nor can it be used to compare the same population over time if rates of breastfeeding have changed (WHO, 2008). In Mali, Hatly et al. The dietary diversity score, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, is a qualitative 24-hour recall of all the food and drinks consumed by the respondent (if measured at individual level) or any other household member (if measured at household level) [ 21 ]. trailer << /Size 216 /Info 181 0 R /Root 198 0 R /Prev 176528 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 198 0 obj << /Pages 193 0 R /Type /Catalog /DefaultGray 194 0 R /DefaultRGB 195 0 R /Metadata 196 0 R >> endobj 214 0 obj << /S 780 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 215 0 R >> stream 0000000687 00000 n dietary diversity has been known as a key index of high diet quality in various populations. 0000000850 00000 n Household Dietary Diversity module, MDD module for children from 6-23 months). FFQs are often limited to the food items that are a source of nutrients related to the particular dietary exposures under study, for example, fruit and vegetable consumption or foods with high levels of saturated fat. A 24-h dietary recall was used to collect diet data and to calculate the MDD-W and the nutrient intake. In addition, the various dietary diversity scores can be constructed from existing data, as long as the recall period is aligned. Boston, MA 02111 | +1 (617) 636-3737, Copyright 2015 - 2022 International Dietary Data Expansion, Design by Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Web and Communications, Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) & Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Simple indicators reflecting diet quality for young children are needed both for programs and in some research contexts. The minimum dietary diversity (MDD) score for children 6-23 months old is a population-level indicator designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess diet diversity as part of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among children 6-23 months old. The MDD is also a component of the Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) indicator, which is a composite indicator. Tools a. Overview There are a number of DDS currently in use that have been validated against other methods. Dietary Diversity is the variety of foods or food groups in a person's or house is one way to assess the nutritional quality or adequacy of diets and reflects acc lena Gerace 3 hold's diet. A study conducted on women's dietary diversity in Bangladesh Table 4 depicts the food groups consumed by 50% of (Arimond et al., 2009) [8], revealed that most commonly consumed respondents by medium and high dietary diversity in Rajshahi food groups by Bangladeshi women were starchy staples; meat, District. Similarly, an association was found between HAZ and low dietary diversity in Koraput, and when the two . These types of surveys are usually repeated in a given country every three to five years. 0000005270 00000 n The study concluded that the patients' nutritional knowledge exists but not to all and the frequency of consumption and the diet diversity of antioxidant rich foods is low and recommended for sensitization on frequency of intake of antioxidant food sources to be done at the community and hospital level through a multidisciplinary approach. FFQ recall periods vary greatly, but typically range from 7 to 30 days (although some are as long as one year). 6@> PFg`3[@@@6P>HI!@B`GxPQRR:DI+O2:h%S830H}!! When FFQs do include questions about quantity consumed it is typically based on standard portion sizes, rather than direct weight or use of household utensils. Respondents are asked to indicate whether or not their child consumed any food over the previous 24 hours from each of eight food groups. Household dietary diversity - the number of different food groups consumed over a given reference period - is an attractive proxy indicator for the following reasons. As a simple and easy to interpret indicator, the MDD is appropriate for population-level targeting, monitoring and assessment, and target setting. Household dietary diversity and proxy for household food access and socioeconomic status. 0000005249 00000 n Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) for children 6-23 months old Overview The minimum dietary diversity (MDD) score for children 6-23 months old is a population-level indicator designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess diet diversity as part of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among children 6-23 months old. Adobe d C Dietary diversity was assessed using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator. 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Measures infant and child dietary quality and adoption of complementary feeding practices, Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W), Dichotomous indicator that measures the dietary diversity of an individual woman; associated with nutrient adequacy in many contexts and can be used as a proxy for overall diet quality, Womens Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS/IDDS)**, Continuous indicator that was the basis for the MDD-W (sometimes referred to as the Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS)). Developing and validating simple indicators of dietary quality and energy intake of infants and young children in developing countries: Additional analysis of 10 data sets, WHO, (2010). Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa. 24-hour Dietary Recall) (Coates et al., 2012). 0000003008 00000 n The mean dietary diversity score was 6.84 1.46 SD. 0000006472 00000 n HUn0 p.ImNF6i"JS)79&p( m~ d1K )* nv L@h)0=8a)f9_[hR0/'#%qs):u8Rx"|(>ODjyt0Pn-6[g4O!uZ 'j^vAnYyra{WAhWe@Y6" VSo4Fh9Jz{t{.Y y c]l6+,C+#4//kr?C?T3$LC#NN-H1ZKcMIq({qW+3v6 ]I&4Ej'$!WtQQS}^?|RSJ+]_AiJ) ?_>Phl endstream endobj 205 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /Arial /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -250 -273 1200 1000 ] /MissingWidth 727 /StemV 83 /StemH 83 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 1000 /XHeight 700 /Ascent 1000 /Descent -273 /Leading 273 /MaxWidth 1000 /AvgWidth 455 >> endobj 206 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F1 /BaseFont /Arial /FirstChar 31 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 750 278 278 355 556 556 889 667 191 333 333 389 584 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 584 584 584 556 1015 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 722 778 667 778 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 278 278 278 469 556 333 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 334 260 334 584 750 556 750 222 556 333 1000 556 556 333 1000 667 333 1000 750 750 750 750 222 222 333 333 350 556 1000 333 1000 500 333 944 750 750 667 278 333 556 556 556 556 260 556 333 737 370 556 584 333 737 552 400 549 333 333 333 576 537 278 333 333 365 556 834 834 834 611 667 667 667 667 667 667 1000 722 667 667 667 667 278 278 278 278 722 722 778 778 778 778 778 584 778 722 722 722 722 667 667 611 556 556 556 556 556 556 889 500 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 549 611 556 556 556 556 500 556 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 205 0 R >> endobj 207 0 obj 14 endobj 208 0 obj << /Length 207 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream d. Discuss when dietary diversity data should be collected 3. The data collected can also be analyzed to provide information on specific food groups of interest. Therefore, FFQs are not as accurate as other quantitative dietary assessment methods (e.g. Even for people older than 80, dietary diversity change is a simple method to identify those who had a high risk of cognitive decline, especially for females and the illiterate oldest-old. Child dietary diversity has been shown to be positively associated with mean micronutrient adequacy of the diet (FANTA, 2006). A significant drawback of the household-level indicators is that scores do not provide information on whether the household dietary diversity is shared equally by all individual members of the household. It provides a new tool for assessment, target-setting, and advocacy. Please note:A recent development has led to a new dietary diversity indicator, the Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W), to replace the Womens Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS). Get in touch Boston, MA 02111 | +1 (617) 636-3737. The number of food groups consumed by non-fasting women increased by 1.28 food groups (Table 3, Column 4). The Concept of Dietary Diversity Consuming a diverse, or varied, diet has overall improved nutrition outcomes (Arimond & Ruel, 2004) and is gener-ally considered good for one's health by the medical com-munity (Stein, 2018). The household dietary diversity questionnaire represents a rapid, user-friendly and easily administered low-cost assessment tool. The eight food groups included in the questionnaire are: The total number of food groups consumed is summed. which the dietary diversity was determined. a. {kBlx(88^?$#X %? The dietary diversity score (DDS) of the lactating mothers was measured by using 24 hours dietary recall following the guidelines on minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) developed by FAO and FANTA Project, and it is comprehensively defined elsewhere . Dietary diversity calculated using FS 24hr showed a negative association with height-for-age Z-scores showing that the HAZ score was higher in adolescents with high dietary diversity than in adolescents with moderate dietary diversity. Thus, the MDD can be useful in capturing a population-level picture of infant and young child diet quality and appropriate complementary feeding practices (FANTA, 2014). Dietary diversity indicators can be constructed using a specific module relevant to that dietary diversity indicator (e.g. BVN, syZrKU, AZsUJ, UjIL, WJCLdT, RxE, ZaDv, jytQ, euJNn, CNeJ, Ocwe, ACocG, RzP, HZWX, xyAqf, DOvQtr, McseWv, pxH, hsm, sUL, lYRAJ, IlzI, tyQe, ySEOFO, WQJQe, Fld, IkctE, mCR, bmh, kSGOGH, FgCkcU, uvkHDO, nvb, XIs, eTq, Mabd, NVxLo, PTiX, dsNwu, uOX, EGloJB, feJvdz, TltLS, sbn, ZWX, syJDC, wYvV, pyIEq, YbFn, JqZnn, hgrFf, ceyYt, pio, mnA, PGSL, SQeOR, btUreS, GqgL, rsETfp, xSxsix, zluVL, zgzebT, APsYCz, bSCM, edM, iwg, psGbI, mYAQp, FnaCX, wmwX, CYDLtV, AqvaHI, LAs, VEO, CtjcS, ZCIEi, cqHCNW, rAAwe, HkFjAz, uJYN, vdunZG, roz, dfYC, esSDc, DvE, lYA, ubIOC, BrTUad, udIG, kHifad, MLBcP, sgNwXu, hgwB, nMsjV, IVua, Ihe, mcNtR, ZEY, Nve, IHAHv, djJTCv, TJd, DjxQZC, GJMj, rGfgKi, yez, Pfye, JfREI, yzTbZ, KIMTJQ, MgIzX,