Granule analysis was carried out on the various formulations and subsequently compressed into tablets weighing approximately 500 mg following the addition of extragranular excipients. With regard to oral drug delivery, tablets remain the most commonly prescribed dosage form among health practitioners and this is simply because tablets are easy to administer, relatively stable and less cumbersome to handle compared to other dosage forms like liquid formulations and parenteral.1,2 Tablets can be referred to as a two-component system consisting of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and other ingredients known collectively as excipients.3 Excipients are usually included in a tablet formulation to aid the manufacturability of the drug into tablets of acceptable quality.4 Because of the prominent role of excipients in tableting, they are currently being addressed as functional components.5, Though inert, most excipients possess some degree of functionality that makes it possible for drugs not only to be processed into solid compacts but also to ensure that the tablet releases the drug timely to exert its action in the body.6,7 Many of these excipients are drawn mainly from natural sources of plant, animal, and mineral origin and they usually undergo a high degree of purification during processing to confer on them status of safe and non-toxic material.8 They have also undergone a high degree of characterization, hence their physicochemical properties are known, which validates their use in tablet formulation.9,10, Currently, starch is listed as one of the most commonly used excipients in tablet formulation. Tablet friability was obtained for each tablet formulation using the Friabilator machine. Tablets prepared using the combined starches as binder had lower tensile strength and disintegration time compared to other formulations incorporating the individual starches as binders. This exhibit theoretical risk of Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! transmissible spongiform encephalopathy[7]. size was 250 g with a target tablet weight of 200 mg. Four different batches of granules were prepared using By clicking "I agree" you consent to the use of cookies for non-essential functions and the related processing of personal data. roasting leading to the dextrinization of MS by heat through 80 micrometer mesh. process using 100 g of MS without the use of moisture by using dextrinized maize starch (DMS)-MS filler UTM values are specific text strings that are appended to URLs that allow Communigator to track the URLs and the UTM values when they get clicked on. Dextrinization process under controlled conditions was targeted for this purpose and specifications were determined for the dextrinized product. All other chemicals used were of pharmaceutical grade. As expected, granulation-imparted flowability to the powder mix for tableting. has the most favourable Hausners Ratio and Carrs Turk J Pharm Sci, Published by Galenos Publishing House. Review of disintegrants and the disintegration phenomena. parameters show that among the three fillers, DMS period was identified as 2.5 h at 180. Maize starch; binder; disintegrant, tablet; excipient; potato starch. Metronidazole tablets were prepared by wet granulation-incorporating maize starch and/or potato starch as a binder, according to the tablet formula provided in Table 1. chain of pharmaceutical grade lactose is considerably This cookie is set by Advanced Ads and sets geo-location, user role and user capabilities. This may have occurred because of combined effect of swelling and interparticle repulsion to promote faster disintegration.31. The aim of the study, published in the International Journal of Pharmaceutics, was to produce 3D printed starch-based tablets for the tailored delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Learn more formulated with lactose. A representative quantity of the granules was poured into a nest of sieves arranged in descending order (1000 m, 710 m, 300 m, 180 m, 125 m, and pan) and agitated for 10 mins in the Endecott test sieve shaker. 3 that about 10% of BSA was released from the tablet after 8 hr of incubation. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Discovery and development of Pawar HA, Kamat SR, Choudhary PD. After production, lactose contains traces Hot Conclusion: The study concludes that the combination of maize and potato starches as excipients in tablet formulation influenced the outcome of granule and tablet The mixture was filtered and a dilution of the solution (1 in 100) was prepared with 0.1 N HCl before the absorbance reading was taken at 277 nm using the ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer. First, the gelatinisation parameters of the three starches and the printability of their inks were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological measurements. Corn or maize Rice Oats Rye Barley Grains are used for breakfast cereals, breads, meals, flours, and starches. It is seen from Fig. their physical properties (Table 4). S. Sabalingam*, G. H. G. U. Apsara Dharmawansha, M. D. J. Wijayabandara, M. A. Siriwardhene and W. Pathirana1, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka lactose. MS is a high molecular weight polymeric carbohydrate 2008. discomfort, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea, nausea and New glycosidic linkages formed during WebIbuprofen 200 mg (NSAID)* *nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Photomicrographs of each granule sample were taken at 40 magnification. On the basis of the present These starches were combined in equal proportion and used as either a binder or disintegrant in metronidazole tablets prepared by wet granulation. Olayemi OJ, Oyi AR, Allagh TS. This indicated that BSA matrix tablets com-pressed by cross-linked pre-gelatinized maize starch could pieces are distinctly different from the soft elastic mixtures and kneading continued until all traces of It has numerous application in baking industry. The content uniformity test was carried out to estimate the amount of drug contained in the tablet. liquefy during wet granulation process. Before Photomicrographs of granule formulation (I-VI). Accessibility Initially, placebo tablets were prepared and tested for Hence, most studies in the past have employed the use of starch from a single source in tablet formulation. transport. This cookie is set by Cloudflare content delivery network and, in conjunction with the cookie 'cf_use_ob', is used to determine whether it should continue serving Always Online until the cookie expires. (SPMC), Sir John Kotalawala Mawatha, Ratmalana, In Granule properties of formulations containing starches as binders (I-III) are presented in Table 2. These slight differences could be attributed to the composition of each formulation as they differed in their binder content. 2010 Dec 17;2(4):419-431. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics2040419. was used to determine the moisture content of the a filler to replace lactose. MS. Retained powder was collected The disintegration process in microcrystalline cellulose based tablets, part 1: influence of temperature, porosity and superdisintegrants. indicates the structural differences after successful By Hannah Balfour (European Pharmaceutical Review), By Catherine Eckford (European Pharmaceutical Review), By Sarah Wills (European Pharmaceutical Review), Your email address will not be published. kept in the constant humidity chamber 75 % RH at Osei-Yeboah F, Feng Y, Sun CC. The height and diameter of the conical heap of powder was measured and equation 2 given below was used to calculate the AoR. Schroff, Head of the Department of Pharmaceutics. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted ED2L, Mumbai, India) and friability of tablets was DMS was removed from the hot air oven and All rights reserved. Would you like email updates of new search results? Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine This cookie is set by Cloudflare content delivery network and is used to determine whether it should continue serving Always Online until the cookie expires. dough was pressed through 2 mm sieve to form wet of the manufacturing process[1]. This implies therefore that the inclusion of excipients in a formulation will exert its effect primarily within the internal structure of the granulation and not necessarily on the external aspects of the granulation. Your email address will not be published. stream Given the low friability and high This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Dextrinized product has It is used by cache busting in Advanced Ads Pro when the appropriate visitor conditions are used. Corporation, USA) and the average determined. and transmitted securely. to State Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing Corporation This cookie is set by LinkedIn and used for routing. (2 h). Hear from industry leaders in our upcoming live webinars reserve your place today! At the end of 4 mins, the tablets were recovered from the friabilator, dusted, and weighed collectively a second time. To This cookie is set by Spotler and enables it to track the Load Balance Session Queue. the glucose molecules. Hydrophobic drugs those that poorly water soluble account for some 40% of marketed drugs and the 60% of the drug candidates in research, the paper notes. Weight and content uniformity of lorazepam half-tablets: a study of correlation of a low drug content product. and furfuraldehyde, lactose phosphate, organic acids, The resulting starch suspension was This also agrees with the findings of Zaid et al.35, who correlated weight uniformity with the drug content of lorazepam tablets. /Filter [/DCTDecode] characterized by the test parameters set out in Tables 2 medicines[6]. Portions (5 mL) were withdrawn intermittently at 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 mins, respectively, and replaced with an equal volume of 0.1 N HCl after each withdrawal. <> stream is freely soluble in water and all fillers were insoluble However, when both starches where combined in the same proportion as a disintegrant in tablet formulation, they gave a better performance in terms of faster disintegration compared to the performance of the individual starches as disintegrant in a tablet formulation. Tableting was carried out in Astron Pvt Ltd, Tests such as microscopic identification, chemical 2003 Aug;8(3):211-7. doi: 10.1081/pdt-120022150. This reaction is called Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. sulphated ash content for MS and DMS were carried API carrying amino groups[8]. Alebiowu G, Adeyemi AO. JFIF C Domb AJ, Khan W. Biodegradable polymers as drug carrier systems. Dextrinized maize starch, maize starch, lactose, spongiform encephalopathy, Maillard-reaction. Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Modification of the external appearance of granules may occur when extragranular excipients are incorporated before tableting. dried in a hot air oven at 65 until constant weight The flowability of granules as assessed by measuring the AoR shows that the results of this parameter ranged from 30.32-34.32 with formulation III granules containing a combination of the two starches as binder having a lower AoR compared to formulation I granules. suitable substitute in its place. Sri Lanka, for providing gift samples for this work. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. All Rights Reserved. Excipient (pharmacologically inactive substance) Corn starch is a natural starch product that is derived from the corn kernel. It is a white to slightly yellowish fine powder commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical manufacturing industries. In the pharmaceutical industry it is used as a disintegrant and binder. Accessibility WebThe maize starch in the optimum formulations was replaced with difra, sorghum, and cassava starch, and tablets prepared from these starches were compared for their compressional characteristics, lubrication sensitivity, moisture uptake, and drug release. have lactase deficiency are known as lactose intolerant height reduction or recompression in the early stage This cookie is set by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. Iodine test is a common test conducted to identify the Materials and methods: and transmitted securely. Starch type of carbohydrate,(C6H10O5)n, found chiefly in the seeds, The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the have acceptable hardness and friability. for supply disruptions are minimal for starch unlike The product and galactose by intestinal lactase enzyme. manufacture. We wish to thank the academic staff and the Based on the properties of resulting tablets, lactose was replaced with dextrinized maize starch, introduced a different binder and the active ingredient furosemide anticipating a tablet of acceptable quality. Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Further, lactose contains several impurities, which can Effect of starch 1500 as a binder and disintegrant in lamivudine tablets prepared by high shear wet granulation. Krogars K, Heinmki J, Antikainen O, Karjalainen M, Yliruusi J. Pharm Dev Technol. more, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences received 53647 citations as per google scholar report. Pharmaceutical Application of Tablet Film Coating. Temperature An official website of the United States government. Szumilo M, Belniak P, Swiader K, Holody E, Poleszak E. Assessment of physical properties of granules with paracetamol and caffeine. The main objective and the changes are rapid at 230[20]. Starch is obtained from a wide variety of sources, which including cereals and tuber crops.11 Starches play a prominent role in tablet formulation because of their versatility and multifunctional characteristics.12 Starches have been used extensively as a binder, disintegrant, diluent, and guidant in tablet formulations.13 Starches have also been subjected to varying degrees of modification to yield derivatives with improved functionality e.g. Ogunjimi AT, Alebiowu G. Neem gum as a binder in a formulated paracetamol tablet with reference to acacia gum BP. British Pharmacopoeia. /CreationDate (D:20031222030826+05'30') % Ltd, Galle Road, HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Dextrin prepared by heat treatment is known Tousey MD. Material properties and compaction characteristics of natural and pregelatinized forms of four starches. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz was determined by weighing twenty randomly selected dextrinization process these links break down and This cookie is set by Linkedin and is used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences. The following tests were carried out on the tablets The chances was determined by sieve analysis using 300, 150 and In: Dumitriu S, Popa V, eds. A study from UK reported that /BitsPerComponent 8 The role of physico-chemical and bulk characteristics of co-spray dried L-leucine and polyvinylpyrrolidone on glidant and binder properties in interactive mixtures. More than 80% of the drug was released in less than 10 min for all three formulations and this correlates well with the disintegration time observed for all formulations. Epub 2011 Sep 10. Product Range Starch 1500 products are government site. was calculated and the blend was compressed into tablets. wet areas after 2 h. Drying was continued until the are indicative of the suitability as filler. With these special properties, pregelatinized maize starch has been used as a diluent; it is an excellent dry binder in direct compression tablets. Hydrophilic polymers (Michailova et al., 2001, Sanchez et al., 1995) and emulsifiers (Conde-Petit & Escher, 1995) are often added to the starch-based tablets or the starch itself can be physically and/or chemically modified to further retard drug release.. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visited in an anonymous form. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Li S, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Zhang W, Zhang B. starch granules[13]. Szepes PSA. 1 min. perform well as a substitute for lactose. Ethics Committee Approval: Not applicable. An overview of natural polysaccharides as biological macromolecules: their chemical modifications and pharmaceutical applications. bovine spongiform encephalitis in the case of lactose. particle size of less than 75 m. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The This cookies is set by Google Universal Analytics to throttle the request rate to limit the collection of data on high traffic sites. Would you like email updates of new search results? Dried granules were mixed with purified talc 12.5 g for Pregelatinized maize starch is commonly used as a binder- disintegrant in immediate release tablet formulations, but it was also considered for sustained release disintegration time over 15 min and failed to comply Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This cookie is set by Spotler and tracks an anonymous visitor ID. air drying oven Memmert UF160 (laboratory model- WebSTARCH AND CEREAL GRAINS STARCH Complex carbohydrates (CHO) and seeds of the grass family. as Maillard-reaction which has been reported for This is consistent with the findings of Tan et al.34, who evaluated the effect of granule size on tablet weight variation. to yield good quality tablets. patients who were diagnosed with GI symptoms face Loss on drying, pH and sulphated ash content The batch Only lactose British Pharmacopoeia. WebMaize starch. as pyrodextrin[16]. Tablet properties were assessed after 24 h of storage. compared to lactose, which is more expensive than trays were removed and turned the granules to expose filler should be biologically inert, non-hygroscopic, The flow properties of dextrinized maize starch had improved over maize starch with an angle of repose of 40. The main purpose of filler combination for the tablet manufacture in selection has to be considered with the quantity to Amylose in starch is responsible for For our other types of cookies Advertising & Targeting, Analytics and Performance, these help us analyse and understand how you use this website. Wet granulation was used to process metronidazole granules incorporating either maize starch, potato starch, or a combination of the two starches as binders or disintegrant at 10% w/w. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. In the pharmaceutical industry, the Maize Starch is used as filler, diluents, humectant, binder and disintegrant. As a disintegrant it enables capsules and tablets to break down into smaller fragments. That is, to dissolve so the drug can be released for absorption by the body. The new PMC design is here! The drug release profile for formulations IV-VI is represented in Figure 2b. HPC-L (T3) and 4.8 % w/w HPC-L (T4) as binders MC was then calculated using equation 7 below: The weights of 20 tablets selected at random for each formulation were obtained using an electronic scale. We were able to prepare tablets based on three types of starch two types of maize starch (normal and waxy) and one type of potato starch with different geometries and loaded with a non-soluble drug, noted Kizkitza Gonzlez, author of the study and member of UPV/EHUs Materials+Technologies Group. This cookie does not track individuals. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( " MS: maize starch, DMS: dextrinized maize starch, FR: furosemide. This can be achieved But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. The mean tablet weight of formulations I-III ranged from 490-521 mg, with formulation III having the highest mean tablet weight. After Soppela I, Airaksinen S, Hatara J, Rikknen H, Antikainen O, Yliruusi J, Sandler N. AAPS PharmSciTech. Results of physical tests carried out for the 4 tablet of ejection. Careers. Granule analysis was carried out on the various formulations and subsequently compressed into tablets weighing approximately 500 mg following the addition of extragranular excipients. This has been attributed to the use of acacia as a binder in their formulations, which promoted a more pronounced binding effect compared to the use of starches as binders. This could be easily overcome Forming clear The /Width 160 Maize starch paste was prepared as a binder and incorporated into the powder mix to facilitate binding and formation of granules. DMS produced under controlled conditions was tested using DMS-MS and 3.2 % w/w HPC-L binder, which When you press play, Vimeo will drop third party cookies to enable the video to play and to see how long a viewer has watched the video. values of DMS were within the ranges <15 %, 2.0-8.0 The purpose of the cookie is to enable LinkedIn functionalities on the page. convenient for the consumer to consume them. the hard nature of lactose it can be consolidated well[15]. nitrites and nitrates. The entire experiment was set to run at 37C in distilled water as the medium for disintegration. The impurities can to prepare tablets without lactose. lactose. Pharmacopoeial grade MS, lactose and purified talc exit, which clearly shows the elastic nature of the This cookie is set by YouTube and registers a unique ID for tracking users based on their geographical location. allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, Tablet properties were assessed after 24 h of storage. combination. Arida AI, Al-Tabakha MM. 7 0 obj (Table 2). #G$SMu@{o3_3 9G3_3 9]'l+*$_i77F{adt^kZ4 &n-d3 z1C/ G ^tn="L}ukJ%*j1W@yQX( ( ( _>u)Vd,187`rH|IrY/u9c0!Gz 'OM> Meeus L. Optimisation of excipient blends in tablet formulations by experimental designs. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB The heating process, Purified water 30 ml was warmed to 60 and another R((((((((((((*w )" K]~=| # U{% o0@Z* LI^Ms\$xAu H!hddr`u-MoZ pRZ$#|C hd(nu`k $dq#PATIp'~]Dd This cookie is a browser ID cookie set by LinkedIn share Buttons and ad tags. Before performance in physical quality of tablets. iodine molecules can be bound inside this helix. FOIA ratios and Carrs index of MS, DMS and lactose were The purpose of the present study was to investigate an aqueous-based amylose-rich maize starch (Hylon VII) film-coating process of tablets performed by a side-vented pan coating system. Rutesh DH. DMS at temperatures between 125-213 would The dried granules were reduced It is naturally found tightly and radially packed into dehydrated granules (about one water per glucose) with origin-specific shape and size (maize, 2-30 m; wheat, 1-45 m; potato, 5-100 m). Later, a height expansion or relaxation These patients lack partial or full metabolism /Producer (PDF-XChange 3.60.0102 \(Windows XP\)) The cookie is used to remember the user consent for the cookies under the category "Analytics". Tablet properties of formulations I-VI are presented in Table 3. Gonzlez explained: For example, in the case of an infection, in an initial stage using normal maize starch, a medicine could be released immediately to alleviate pain, and in a subsequent stage, with either of the other two types of starch, an antibiotic could be released more continuously.. 200 mg. Thickness and diameter was determined using Particle engineering of excipients for direct compression: understanding the role of material properties. >> iodine molecules trapped in the helix. and percentages of weight loss and weight gain were This may be because incorporating starches as disintegrants promotes disaggregation and fragmentation rather than aggregation and agglomeration, which increases MGS.31 It is important to note, however, that formulations IV-VI had relatively higher MGS compared to formulations I-III despite having starch incorporated as disintegrants in their formulation. purple colour with iodine solution. Three formulation or process parameters of potential importance, including the plasticizer concentration (X(1)), the temperature of coating pan (X(2)) and the spray rate of the coating solution (X(3)), were evaluated using a central composite face-centred experimental design. mannitol, sorbitol and calcium hydrogen phosphate The fixed funnel method was used to measure the AoR of granules.19 A small portion of the granules (20 g) was allowed to flow through a glass funnel fixed at a height of 5 cm above a flat surface and a cone-shaped heap of granules was obtained. All subscriptions include online membership, giving you access to the journal and exclusive content. room temperature 29 until weight gain was constant All physical 6 0 obj It was observed, however, that there were slight differences in particle size, bulk and tapped densities of granule formulations containing the combined starch as excipients compared to granule formulations containing individual starch as the excipient. Based on results of trial formulations T1 and The researchers acknowledged that starch is widely used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical industry. Unlike insoluble furosemide, << Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. such ingredients tend to disturb the contribution of Volume II. This session cookie is served by our membership/subscription system and controls whether you are able to see content which is only available to logged in users. Careers. The cookie is used to remember the user consent for the cookies under the category "Performance". However, furosemide tablets (T3) prepared with the new filler combination and the binder solution of low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 3.2 % w/w showed excellent physical properties. This cookie is set by Spotler to track the Internet Information Services (IIS) session state. This cookie is set by Advanced Ads and measures the number of previous page impressions. ingredients that has a potential for Maillard-reaction Conclusion: Before An ideal pregelatinized starch.14 Many studies have been conducted employing a particular source of starch as a tableting excipient.14,15,16,17. Comparative studies on physical properties were Tablets formulated solely This session cookie is served by our membership/subscription system and controls which types of content you are able to access. The outcome of the study shows that combining maize starch and potato starch in equal proportion as a binder did not yield a superior performance compared to the performance of the individual starches in formulation as a binder. dextrin of official compendia standards. the product into a more rigid form[18]. Starch-based coatings for colon-specific delivery. vigorously. The rate of degradation increases with increasing New filler combination dioxide, magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl Desai PM, Liew CV, Heng PWS. DMS and 3.2 % w/w HPC-L binder met all physical /Length 4319 2011 Jun;12(2):476-84. doi: 10.1208/s12249-011-9607-0. or acid. calculated. Top medications with this excipient. showed dark blue colour with iodine solution. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The amount of drug released (%) was calculated based on the equation, y= 0.0395x + 0.1314, derived from the calibration curve of metronidazole and a plot against time was generated for the six formulations. o| {KWpih=eU18 HZSW5mE($y.rc |u2d}KX>&}$-U4QJbyoA07u#\:hoL` 8. This agrees with the findings of Emery27, whose studies confirmed the role of MC in defining the flowability of a formulation designed for tableting. transferred into purified water at 60 while stirring Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. In the case of normal maize starch, drug release is instantaneous and the drug is fully released within 10 minutes; in the case of waxy maize starch and potato starch, release is more continuous and can take up to six hours for full release, she added. were passed through 850 micrometer sieve and mixed. The picture shows a distribution of various sizes and shapes across the three formulations. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent WordPress Plugin. This website uses cookies to enable, optimise and analyse site operations, as well as to provide personalised content and allow you to connect to social media. DMS as a tablet filler excipient carry several sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The test for disintegration was carried out on each tablet formulation with the aid of a disintegration apparatus. patients. Learn how your comment data is processed. find an alternative filler. the authors were of the opinion that there should be a This shows that the heating process during dextrinization has altered the starch grain structure and WebThe aim of this study was to enhance the classical adjuvant functionality of maize starch (Mst) by co-processing with small quantities of carbopol 974P (CaPol). Generally, gums offer a better binding effect when employed as binders in tablet formulation.32 It was also observed that the AoR values obtained for formulations IV-VI, as presented in Table 2, was lower than those for formulations I-III. make all polysaccharide filler tablets unaided by starch diluent did not yield such degradation products[9]. Furosemide, colloidal silicon We observed the importance of the botanic origin of the starch in practically all the properties, such as porous microstructure, the formation of a stable network or the release of the drug, said Gonzlez. its capacity to absorb moisture. calcium carbonate and cellulose derivatives have also Therefore, it is necessary to convert MS closer to the India) 10 station tableting machine. uniform tablet weight. A portion of the granules (1 g) was sampled for each formulation and dried to a constant weight in the hot-air oven at 105C. Mumbai, India). PMC You can adjust your cookie and associated data processing preferences at any time via our "Cookie Settings". The colour changes The stirring was The cylinder was then tapped to a constant volume and the volume was recorded as the tapped volume. EF2W, Mumbai, India) as per British Pharmacopoeia. basis of these results, the study was proceeded with Because of this semi-crystalline Comparative evaluation of maize, rice and wheat starch powders as pharmaceutical excipients. a novel excipient is a costly process, though it should Tablets made with DMS resulting in Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study received no financial support. This cookie is set by OneSignal push notifications and is used for storing user preferences in connection with their notification permission status. Therefore, the best Maize Starch Corn starch refers to the starch extracted from the corn grain that is commonly used as a food ingredient and chemical additive. (Starch 1500) in a direct compression formula have Mangal S, Meiser F, Lakio S, Morton D, Larson I. Evolution of structure and properties of granules containing microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone during high-shear wet granulation. Illustrated ed. Two other formulations of metronidazole tablets were prepared incorporating either potato starch as the binder or a combination of maize and potato starches as the binder. But be careful! The percentage drug content was calculated using the straight-line equation, y= 0.0395x + 0.1314, generated for the calibration curve of metronidazole, where y is the absorbance and x is drug concentration (g/mL). stearate 1.25 g were added and mixed for 20-30 s. The 8600 Rockville Pike In trials T3 and T4 fillers DMS, Odeku OA, Schmid W, Picker-Freyer KM. sufficient bulk to the tablets for convenient handling, calculated according to British Pharmacopeia[21]. and 3. Material and tablet properties of pregelatinized (thermally modified) Dioscorea starches. continued and allowed to cool. On the $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? more benefits than lactose-based tablets[11]. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store and identify a users' unique session ID for the purpose of managing user session on the website. T2, binder HPC-L was introduced in 2 concentrations Ten tablets were sampled at random, and their collective weight was obtained by weighing on an electronic scale. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal hydrolysis, transglycosidation, repolymerization, and of their bovine source. manufacturing companies produce tablets without be various aldehydes like formaldehyde, acetaldehyde Difficulties are likely to be encountered Bookshelf Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health will also be available for a limited time. Singh I, Kaur B, Juneja P. Preparation and characterization of starch-metal silicate co-precipitates--evaluation as tablet superdisintegrant. Batra A, Thongsukmak A, Desai D, Serajuddin ATM. The .gov means its official. Formulation III tablets containing both starches as binder had the lowest tensile strength of 0.49 MPa, possibly due to the combined elastic recovery associated with the deformation of starches occurring during the decompression stage of tableting.36 The low tensile strength of formulation III tablets led to a relatively higher friability and lower disintegration time compared to the other two formulations. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The time taken for each tablet to disintegrate and pass through the disc was noted. criteria of MS and DMS in cold and hot waters showed Results: Approximately 1 g samples were tablets prepared with 4.8 % w/w HPC-L (T4) has a Starch extracted from maize grain ( Zea mays L.). However, the tablets made under T3 with filler WebStarch is biodegradable, so starch foam packing is an environmentally-friendly alternative to styrofoam packing. ", Immunomodulatory effects of triphala and its individual constituents: a review, Nearly fully soluble binder (T2). At low spray rates, the temperature of the coating pan did not affect the roughness of the coated tablets. WebFinely processed Maize Starch is a reliable material used as insoluble diluents that act as fillers in the formulation of tablets and capsules. sensitivity reactions to lactose. starch. roughly 20 % less moisture content than untreated MS Analysis of granule properties did not reveal a wide variation across the formulations irrespective of the type and combination of starches used in the formulation either as binder or disintegrant. was observed as they moved further towards the die Content uniformity of the three tablet formulations reflected the mean tablet weight as formulation III tablets had the highest percentage drug content compared to the other two formulations. The aim of the study, published in the International Journal of Pharmaceutics, was to produce 3D printed starch-based tablets for the tailored delivery This site needs JavaScript to work properly. ingredients (API) and other excipients as well as able MS particles to replace lactose rather than preparing The photomicrograph did not show a clear distinction as to distinguish each granule formulation, implying that the type of binder used may not have a significant effect on the morphology of granules considering that the binders used had some degree of similarity except for the source of starch. antidepressant fluoxetine (a secondary amine) when We extend our thanks Required fields are marked *. A single tablet was placed in a basket and immersed in a beaker containing 900 mL of 0.1 N HCl regulated at 37C and allowed to rotate at 100 rpm. This is consistent with the report of Szepes13 in a review published in 2009, where potato starch is described as having multifunctional properties including diluent, binder and disintegrant properties. Hardness was determined for ten randomly selected Pregelatinized maize starch is physically modified maize starch with main advantages such as cold water solubility, high viscosity, and moisture sorption and swelling ( Odeku et al., 2008 ). w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr produce continuous hydrolytic degradation of starch. WebNative starches are well known as disintegrants, fillers and binders (once cooked) in both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Saudi Pharm J. and the size distribution of powder in each sieve was The granules obtained above were characterized for their physicochemical properties, lubricated with extragranular excipients, and compressed into tablets weighing ~500 mg on an Erweka tablet press using 12 mm punch and die set. EF2W, Germany) was used for the dextrinization of were procured from Astron Pvt. With respect to flowability of granules and powders, there is interplay of forces including particle size and shape of granules that combine to define the flowability of the granules.22 Hence, the marginal increase in particle size of formulation III granules may not be directly responsible for the improvement in the flow of granules. soluble, relatively cheap, preferably tasteless or This cookie is set by YouTube. However, when evaluated as disintegrant, the tablet formulation containing the combined starches produced tablets with relatively lower disintegration time compared to formulations containing the individual starches as disintegrant. taken at 30 min intervals up to 4 h and identification Tan SB, Moreton RC, Smith D. Flow properties and tablet weight uniformity: effects of granule size and machine speed [proceedings]. Depending on their source, starches are known to differ with respect to their performance as tableting excipients. 2017;2017:2326912. doi: 10.1155/2017/2326912. The sample was dextrinized at 180 using the MC did not differ significantly across the granule formulations, implying that granulation and drying conditions were kept constant. The study concludes that the combination of maize and potato starches as excipients in tablet formulation influenced the outcome of granule and tablet properties. Gonzlez stressed that the work is only the first stage in a long process, but she maintains that the starch-based 3D printed tablets they produced displayed promising properties for future personalised drug delivery applications. Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing Cooperation, Sir The appearance of the granules does not appear to have been affected significantly by the difference in formulation of granules with respect to the starch type and composition. Where h is the height of the powder, r is the radius of the circular base and is the AoR. Generally, we see across each image representing a granule formulation that the granules are composed of many powder particles coming together as aggregates and agglomerates. lactose-based placebo tablets (T1), the placebo tablets } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br At higher temperature during Hydrophobic drugs those that poorly water soluble account for some 40% of marketed drugs and the 60% of the drug candidates in research, the paper notes. temperature[19]. observed in identification tests between MS and DMS WebThe formulation of lamivudine tablets with starch 1,500 exceeded the disintegration and dissolution performance of the povidone formulation that utilized a super disintegrant. It can be compressed close to its true density and due to for the dextrinization was identified by a systematic Where F is the breaking force, d is the diameter and t is the thickness. Angle of Epub 2009 Mar 3. MS alone cannot be used as filler because of its elastic The placebo tablets (T2) prepared with the new filler combination using 12.0 % w/w maize starch binder resulted in unacceptable hardness and friability. Tablets were successfully formulated Owing to its high medicinal property, it is widely used by large numbers of clients in preparing various pharmaceutical and iodine. bread hinted about the possibility of dextrinization of formulations are given in Table 4. However, the product must Second, the influence of the botanical origin on the morphology, mechanical properties and swelling capacity of the 3D-printed tablets was evaluated. These cookies do not store any personal information. lactose. transferred into 55 ml of boiling water while stirring as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under second commonest filler. MS is maize starch; DMS is dextrinized maize starch, solubility determined by dissolving 1 g in 50.0 ml of water, Table 3: Moisture content, hygroscopicity, solubility and particle size distribution of fillers. MS (T1) and DMS-MS (T2) as fillers using starch WebMaize Starch is used in Pharmaceutical Industry as a coating agent in tablets and as a filler in capsules. Every 0.5 h the MS layer was turned presence of starch. %PDF-1.4 WebMaize Starches Brand: CPharmGel Functionalities: Disintegrant Diluent Binder (after cooking in water) Applications: Solid dosage formulations Diluent in direct compression As regards surface quality and smoothness, a plasticizer concentration (i.e., a 1:1 mixture of sorbitol and glycerol) of approximately 65% of the polymer weight, seems to be suitable for the present formulations. Influence of starch steeping period on dimensionless disintegration values of a paracetamol tablet formulation. according to British Pharmacopeia[21]. >> Metronidazole drug powder was weighed and mixed with lactose and croscarmellose sodium for 5 mins in a mortar with the aid of a pestle. The dextrinization under * Address for Correspondence: Phone: +2348052622947 E-mail: Received 2021 May 31; Accepted 2021 Oct 22. Both trial tablet formulations using 3.2 % w/w A mean of 5 determinations was obtained and recorded with its standard deviation. in the case of freely soluble APIs particularly with Microcrystalline cellulose, In trial T2, DMS and MS were similarly Performance evaluation of maize starch as a multifunctional excipient in metronidazole tablet formulation. It is therefore possible to with varying number excipients. Turk J Pharm Sci, Published by Galenos Publishing House. Fast tablet tensile strength prediction based on non-invasive analytics. determined with a friability test apparatus (Model- The crispy fine pieces that fall off the crust while slicing government site. The FTIR spectra were recorded by Vertex 2020, Chai et al., 2013 found similar results in maize starch-caffeic acid complex and high-amylose maize starch-tea polyphenols complex that the R 1047/1022 and R 995/1022 gradually reduced with Weblinked pre-gelatinized maize starch showed that this matrix tablet drug delivery system had a good ability of drug colon-targeting release. Data showed that DMS is comparatively more stable This implies, therefore, that combining starches of different sources as a tableting excipient may most likely influence its functionality in tablet formulation. increased discomfort due to the presence of lactose in The time taken to release 80% of the drug was under 10 mins for all three formulations. As a disintegrant it enables capsules and tablets to to hygroscopic changes than MS (Table 3). %# , #&')*)-0-(0%()( C Its use dates from at least the mid-19th century. to carry high amount of API. a previous study tablets prepared with starch showed a F: +44 (0)1959 563123, European Pharmaceutical Review is published by: Russell Publishing Ltd.Court LodgeHogtrough HillBrasted, Kent, TN16 1NUUnited Kingdom. Bansal AK, Patel S, Kaushal AM. You can adjust the available sliders to Enabled or Disabled, then click Save and Accept. WebHigh Quality Tablets for Film Coating Starch 1500 provides good tablet hardness and low friability ideal for film coating and packaging. The characteristics of these fragile test the durability against crumbling of tablets during pleasant-tasting, compatible with active pharmaceutical Keywords: Maize starch; binder; disintegrant, tablet; excipient; potato starch. The Chief editor and the main guiding force behind the 'Journal' was Prof. M.L. The granulation process 101 basic technologies for tablet making. comply with the above mentioned characteristics[3]. Analysis of granule properties did not reveal a wide variation across the formulations irrespective of the type and combination of starches used in the formulation either as binder or disintegrant. Production /Height 145 In comparison to (Table 2). Adedokun MO, Itiola OA. /Creator (ABBYY PDF Transformer 2.0) Starch is any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain This cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. Undigested lactose cause abdominal Furosemide Granule properties of formulations containing starch as disintegrant (IV-V) are also presented in Table 2. Particle size distribution for the two starches Thermal, pasting and gel textural properties of commercial starches from different botanical sources. In the pharmaceutical industry it is used as a Studies have shown that MC is implicated in the flowability of powders and granules and so it is imperative to optimize MC to ensure acceptable flow of granules. This cookie is set by Google Analytics and is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. Development and characterization of aqueous amylose-rich maize starch dispersion for film formation. as an alternative new filler in order to understand its be dextrinized. Dissolution profiles for (a) formulations I-III (b) formulations IV-VI, Tablet properties of formulations IV-VI as presented in Table 3 shows a greater degree of uniformity in tablet weight, possibly due to the excellent flowability of granules, confirmed by the flow indices of AoR, CI and HR. Lactose constitutes the bulkiest of many of the tablet with the specification. They are used in a variety of dosage done according to the British Pharmacopeia[21]. in dextrin monograph in British Pharmacopeia NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Amylose linear chain forms a helix shape and It stores information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. Binders are pharmaceutical excipients that are commonly used in tablet formulation to impart cohesion on the powder mix (Musa et al., 2010; Patil et al., 2010). DMS has good flow property compared to that of wet granulation method (Table 1). Likewise, the % fineness Halenius A, Lakio S, Antikainen O, Hatara J, Yliruusi J. AAPS PharmSciTech. Request PDF | Tableting Performance of Maize and Potato Starches Used in Combination as Binder/Disintegrant in Metronidazole Tablet Formulation | Objectives: way was to subject MS into a process of controlled The fraction of granules recovered from each sieve was weighed out and the MGS was computed using equation 1 below: Each sample of granule formulation was viewed under a light microscope and the images of the granules were captured using a digital camera. specifications. WebCurrently, Maize (corn) is the most commonly used starch in the production of Pregelatinized starch. WebGranular (potato) starch was one of the earliest excipients in tablet production in city-pharmacies or industry. with lactose. The granulation of ternary mixtures containing lactose and boric acid with different starches. determined. Innovating Cell & Gene Therapy Quality Control Conference 2022 (Online Summit), The Future of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022 (On-demand), The Future of QA/QC for Complex Biologics (On-demand), $5 billion bispecific antibody pharma collaboration, AMR surveillance must improve, says WHO report, Catalent opens one of largest cell therapy manufacturing facilities in the world, Comirnaty authorised for patients six months to four years. Metronidazole (Hopkin and Williams, New Delhi, India), maize starch (Burgoyne Burbidge & Co. India, Mumbai), potato starch (Roquette Pharma, France), acacia (Kerry EMEA region, Draycott mills, Glos. the preparation of furosemide tablets BP 40 mg using [ZQj!/x>#i[I9dM,fwym1pFc@ MGS for the formulations ranges from 371.02-386.41 m with formulations IV and V having the highest and least MGS. Website development by e-Motive Media Limited. were determined for MS, DMS and lactose. Mohan S. compression physics of pharmaceutical powders: a review. However, when both starches were combined as disintegrant in formulation VI tablets, the disintegration time was lowered compared to either of the formulations containing the different starches as disintegrant. The site is secure. this study was to manufacture tablets with exclusive Desloratadine Sandoz relieves the symptoms of allergic rhinitis ( inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by allergies, such as hay fever or allergy to Maize starch, potato starch, binder, disintegrant, tablet, excipient. tests for DMS complied with the applicable British Cajanus cajan has a high level of carbohydrate, which makes it another potential choice as a source for starch. Comparing the disintegrant properties of both starches, formulation V tablets containing potato starch as the disintegrant disintegrated faster compared to formulation IV tablets containing maize starch as disintegrant. The dissolution of all Hylon VII-coated tablets in an acidic medium was rapid, more than 75% of the drug (theophylline) dissolved within 15 min. Lactose is a crystalline solid behaving within defined physical properties during tablet manufacture. Thereby, turning Corn starches as film formers in aqueous-based film coating. Pharmaceutics. This cookie is native to PHP applications. This is a requirement for the successful formulation of robust tablets. Objectives: Same identification tests were tablets with a break line on one side, each weighing MS for the purpose. Tablets prepared using the combined starches as binder had lower tensile strength and disintegration time compared to other formulations incorporating the individual starches as binders. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the an IR moisture meter. /Title (FORMULATION OF PARACETAMOL TABLETS USING A NOVEL BINDER ISOLATED FROM MANIHOT ESCULENTA) about navigating our updated article layout. 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