Move the Tortoise and Hare slider all the way left when finishing. Minimize tool deflection for best surface finish and to minimize chatter! But everything has to be done exactly right and tool life will not be great. W@dJJ)e`v@(C+4Dc|!)5oB The other school suggests multiple passes at much more modest depths of cut. P = /* endobj The initial slotting pass may relieve enough material that the slot pinches against the cutter with poor results. These are extremely rigid machines that largely use diamond tooling. Once completed insert in your car navigation and press nav button. Quick, what value for surface speed (in surface feet) should you use to saw through titanium alloys? Scientific study by Holz and De Leeuw of the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company[16] did for milling cutters what F. W. Taylor had done for single-point cutters. 0000010874 00000 n [17] Moreover, they found that the conventional empirical relation that relates feed rate to roughness value does not fit adequately for low cutting speeds. SS AND SR-SERIES MINIATURE END MILLS FOR EXTREME PRECISION, We use cookies to improve our customers experience and the functionality of our site. Maps are very easy to install, just download the iso file and burn it to a dvd. They provide a better finish and may be idea for finish passes. If you want the finish thats cheap and cheerful to hit with most CNC machines, specify no finer than a 64 finish. Your email address will not be published. Different diameter side collars can be had for slitting saws. Feedrates need to be increased to offset the effects of chip thinning, both for productivity and to avoid rubbing which reduces tool life. The endmill cant cut a corner any smaller than its own radius, but when the endmill and corner radii are the same, its particular likely to cause problems. Another way to reduce vibration is to use balanced tooling. In general, adjust feeds and speeds for a lower chip load at the same rpms for a better finish. #i xslo$7H@Xy#wc`ag@ mx Choosing the right stepover for your ballnose is critical for efficient 3D profling. Consider a toolchange between roughing and finishing. Make sure your workpiece is supported and clamped over as much area as possible surrounding the cut while still leaving room for the cutter to get in there and do its job. This will be especially true for longer reaches, smaller diameters, and so forth. These include: The cutting speed is given as a set of constants that are available from the material manufacturer or supplier. NmJmZTgxNWZlNDk3ZjJjN2UxYWU0ZjQyZTJhZDcxNmYwYTljNTE5YjZlY2Yz Cutting down the centerline will slap an insert or flute flat against the edge of the material, which creates burrs and generally makes it hard to get great surface finish. The thru coolant slitting saw arbor is an amazing solution that helps to achieve faster speeds and feeds as well as consistent and extended tool life. Chatter is the worst kind of vibration and will be very visible in the finish. Recutting or back cutting occurs when the surface that was already cut is cut again by the back edge of the facemill. This one is on a rolling frame and nests underneath the workbench the Emco CNC Mill is on. Of course, in reality those other variables are dynamic and not negligible, but there is still a correlation between power available and feeds and speeds employed. The bias in tram needs to be very slight lest the angle cutter create scallops that are too pronounced. Our G-Wizard Calculator even has a chatter calculator to help you determine the optimal spindle rpms to minimize chatter: G-Wizard includes a Chatter Pitch Calculatorthat can give you optimal spindle rpms to minimize chatter. Some grinders have the provision to increase the spindle speed, which corrects for this loss of cutting ability; however, increasing the speed beyond the wheels rating will destroy the wheel and create a serious hazard to life and limb. ODU3ZWI1ZDRhNjJlNDM2NzE1MjZkYjIwMzcxYzFkMmE1NTc0YWQxMTEyYzIw <]/Prev 264125/XRefStm 1199>> Using the correct spindle speed for the material and tools will greatly enhance tool life and the quality of the surface finish. 012: CUMberland GAP (4.58) Piper and Josie redefine the term Outskirts. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The chips wont clear of their own accord, although the tendency for gravity to help the process along is one reason horizontal mills can be more productive than vertical mills (or lathes too for that matter). Love the big stabilizer collars that expose as little of the blade as possible to increase rigidity.Theyre custom made for the job. Many machinists find using a slitting saw for the first time to be scary. The thicker the saw, the less delicate and the more well-behaved the saw will be. You can often cut to a greater depth with a coarse toothed slitting saw because of the improved chip extraction. With that said, many have run production jobs that use deep cuts. Most of these cutters bevel alternate teeth to help keep chips from sticking in the cut. A rig like this can be pretty easily used to automate cutting bar stock to shorter lengths if you dont have a lathe or automatic band saw for the task. If you believe Wordfence should be allowing you access to this site, please let them know using the steps below so they can investigate why this is happening. Download the best royalty free images from Shutterstock, including photos, vectors, and illustrations. The required feed rate can be extremely variable depending on the power of the motor, the hardness of the wood or other material being machined, and the sharpness of the cutting tool. Use a properfeeds and speeds calculator like G-Wizardmost finish work needs to take radial chip thinning, ballnose compensation, and a host of other sophisticated factors into account. Generated by Wordfence at Sun, 11 Dec 2022 10:46:07 GMT.Your computer's time: document.write(new Date().toUTCString());. Dont allow the chip load to go too low or youll be rubbing the tooling instead of taking clean cuts. Factors affecting the calculation of cutting speed are: Cutting speeds are calculated on the assumption that optimum cutting conditions exist. Machinability ratings can be used in conjunction with the Taylor tool life equation, VTn = C in order to determine cutting speeds or tool life. Use the collet chuck when finishing. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Join 100,000+ CNC'ers! Climb mill with this 2/3s cut ratio. Positive rake cutting geometries will typically require lower cutting forces (resulting in less deflection), and they will produce a finer surface finish. If you have a 4th axis or 5-axis mill, you can try Sturz milling to combat the slow moving tip. If you can get them adjusted to a couple tenths or less, finish will be greatly improved. ZTJiNjZhNzQ1MjM4YWVlODMwMzI4YzVjMGE2MDA4MDhlMmU3Y2I0NGRlZGMx Move it all the way left. A Slitting saw is a handy but somewhat delicate tool for certain kinds of cuts. Thats its special Fine Finish setting which puts the chip load as close to rubbing as you want to go for best possible finish. 0000012366 00000 n MDRjMmM4MjE5ZWE1YjllODNhYjQ1ZjgwOWZiZTliZWM2MTY4MjA4ZTA3Yzgy In order of best to worst performance, here is how the different toolholders ranked: Surprising that the lowly collet chuck performed nearly as well as finicky shrink fit tooling and quite a bit better than more expensive hydraulic and power chuck-style holders! xref But with a good calculator, you can let the software worry about cutting speed and other such things. Instead of using the largest tool that fits the smallest radius of the tool path, use an even larger tool for roughing and let the finishing pass deal with the smaller radii. To set up the Slitting Saw cut in the Calculator, we go left to right, top to bottom: 1. In other words, the correct Feeds and Speeds. The type of CNC mill, the type of machine controller, and the age of the machine will affect the amount of information that can be input directly into the machine. Beware over torquing any workpiece lest it deform, pinch the cutter, or destroy the accuracy of the work. Check out ourchapter on chatterfor more tips on how to get rid of it. The positive geometry bites into the materials shear planes with less force. To use a slitting saw, you put it on an arbor thats designed to fit your toolholder or the spindle taper of your CNC machine. Have you ever seen the highway mirage where it looks like there is a pool of water on the road far ahead of you that vanishes as you get closer? Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air pollution from vehicles. The following table gives the cutting speeds for a selection of common materials under one set of conditions. Cutting speed (also called surface speed or simply speed) is the speed difference (relative velocity) between the cutting tool and the surface of the workpiece it is operating on. 0000000774 00000 n Use the shortest possible endmills with the shortest possible fluted lengths for maximum rigidity. When calculating for copper alloys, the machine rating is arrived at by assuming the 100 rating of 600 SFM. Especially on materials like plywood that splinter easily. Choke up the tool in the chuck as much as you can to reduce stickout. First, always determining whether the pieces could be made individually. The RobbJack DM/MDM Die/Mold Carbide end mill offers tighter tolerances, lasts longer in difficult areas like parting lines, and produces better finishes that reduce or eliminate the need for polishing. The machinability rating of a material attempts to quantify the machinability of various materials. One last tip to minimize splintering in wood: put on a thin spray coat of clear finish. Alternatively, I have been using ball bearing nuts which take surprisingly less torque because they have a ball bearing interface with the ER collet instead of trying to spin against the collet as it tightens. Plates are some of the most difficult pieces to machine because they often want to vibrate like gongs. R Youll see every bit of that in the finish on the cut sidewalls. I especially like small carbide-tipped blades in a smaller diameter. As with meteorology and pharmacology, however, the interrelationship of theory and practice has been developing over decades as the theory part of the balance becomes more advanced thanks to information technology. Trying to reduce post-machining finish work or just get better looking parts? Ideally, this means changing the spindle speed as the cut advances across the face of the workpiece, producing constant surface speed (CSS). When you assemble the saw, make sure all the components are free of dust, chips, and any other foreign material. MzMzZjhmNDJmODI0ODRmNDc0NjA5NDFhOWI5ZmRjYzA2NmYxNjMwZTUzNjcy 6. As a wheel wears it will decrease in diameter, and its effective cutting speed will be reduced. Larger hole sizes are desirable because they provide a more rigid setup that reduces deflection. By the way, the part of the endmill that is fluted is weaker than the solid shank. Even better, if you are milling around the outside profile (peripheral milling), there may be plenty of clearance for chips to fall away and you could use a 4 flute cutter on aluminum. A 32 finish wont add much cost, and a 16 or even an 8 finish can be done, but now youll be looking at increasing costs. If you know some cutter and toolholder combinations have less runout, prefer them when finishing. A smaller ball interpolated exposes more of the surface to a faster moving cutter, leading to a better finish. Chips are also about 30 percent thinner versus a 90 degree facemill so faster feedrates are possible. and, for an example using metric values, where the cutting speed is 30 m/min and a diameter of 10mm (0.01 m). Remember, the part of the ball near the axis moves slowly. They tend to be more expensive than coarse tooth saws. Take a light cut when finishing: 0.003 0.010. Jewelers wax (sometimes called Dop Wax) is also good for securing parts as is hot glue. Never use a longer tool than necessary. Current Advanced Research in Micro-Machining and Related Areas data Its often convenient to re-orient the slitting saw using a right-angle head on a mill or placing the saw on its arbor into the lathe chuck and then clamping the workpiece where the lathe tool would normally go. Rather than worry about all those estimates, use G-Wizard Calculator not only to figure your tool deflection, but to help you choose the optimal parameters to minimize deflection: Use G-Wizard Calculator to Optimize Away Tool Deflection. Below are lists of the top 10 contributors to committees that have raised at least $1,000,000 and are primarily formed to support or oppose a state ballot measure or a candidate for state office in the November 2022 general election. Powerpoint Animation Free Download 2012 more. G-Wizard G-Code Editor (GWE) Change Log and Release Notes, Feeds and Speeds: The Definitive Guide (Updated for 2022). "Following World War II, many new alloys were developed. MTZjYzA2Nzc2YzYzNjgwMWQzMmVkZDZlOTE2Mjc0YjY2MzQ0MzcwM2UzYWIy Just be sure to have good equipment, good feeds and speeds, and follow these tips and techniques and you should be fine. Copy and paste the embed code below to include this widget on your webpage: Copyright 2022 CustomPartNet. MThjY2I3MGJmOWM2ZjBjNTU2MDJkMWI2MTM0Y2EzZDhkNTVlODJkZjJhNzcy MzFjZDgwNTk1YzIyYzBiYTgzMDllNjVmNDhiNTM5MmMxZmM4YzY3Y2I0ZDI3 |_```k*o ^a ( (X While it is easier to come close on a lathe, the truth about mirror finishes is that they largely do not exist. If the saw experiences vibration or chatter it may be due to: Saws are delicate. 2. Flat bottom drills are an excellent solution for counterbores or when you need to remove the angle left from a typical drill and a flat floor is required. NmY5NzIzMGNlYTAyNDZjZTk0OWM5M2ZkNDQ2YmFiYTYxOTY5NTZiYTY5NDY2 Use G-Wizards Cut Optimizer to minimize deflection, avoid chatter on finish passes, and do what you can to increase rigidity and minimize vibration of any kind. "Sinc The spindle speed is the rotational frequency of the spindle of the machine, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). (PDF) .Project Management 8th Edition - Academia.edu good In the 1890s through 1910s, Frederick Winslow Taylor performed turning experiments[15] that became famous (and seminal). [1] Feed rate (also often styled as a solid compound, feedrate, or called simply feed) is the relative velocity at which the cutter is advanced along the workpiece; its vector is perpendicular to the vector of cutting speed. How much deflection is too much? Slight tramming errors and deflection can make back cutting a reality, and it usually results in a poorer finish. Yes, they can go through hard materials like hardened steel, titanium alloys and nickel alloys. 0000020845 00000 n Excessive spindle speed will cause premature tool wear, breakages, and can cause tool chatter, all of which can lead to potentially dangerous conditions. Strength of the workpiece (high feed rates will collapse thin wall tubing). In fact, the ratio of diameter to length of the tool is a great place to start talking about reducing deflection. Discover all the collections by Givenchy for women, men & kids and browse the maison's history and heritage For a given machining operation, the cutting speed will remain constant for most situations; therefore the spindle speed will also remain constant. NWQ2NmNjMDUxYTdkNDA4N2ViMDg5MGVhMjE1NTdkIn0= In the pre-CNC era, the ideal of CSS was ignored for most work. A single flute end mill will also provide much more chip clearance. These disciplines include personal mastery, team learning, mental models, building shared visions, and systems thinking. Start a search by selecting the type of tool you're looking for. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) determined machinability ratings for a wide variety of materials by running turning tests at 180 surface feet per minute (sfpm). A cutter can have a keyway, although solid carbide saws generally do not (its brittle and the keyway is easily chipped). As mentioned above, RobbJack suggests limiting cuts to 4x saw thickness. Smaller cutters are more sensitive to runout. The larger the saw, the more runout and wobbling it will have, so use the smallest size that will work for your application. YmQyMmU2ODI3NDY5YmY5YjYxNWQ5ZjkxMjVhNjlkYjA0OGY2ZTlkZmFiODFi OTI3MWNjMjY3YTZiZTM4ODU4ZjRlNmM1ZjZkNDllODdiNTE3OTI3MmY1ZmQ0 YzMwMzdjMDJkZDY0M2U3ZDFkODFlMWMwNDE5YzQ3NjVkNGM4ZDE2MjUwOTcx The higher the rpms, the more important this can be. [CDATA[ */ var google_conversion_id = 964892439; var google_custom_params = window.google_tag_params; var google_remarketing_only = true; /* ]]> */, XF-SERIES HUMBLES TITANIUM INTO SUBMISSION. Our article7 Software Excuses for Bad Surface Finishcan help. This would apply to cutters on a milling machine, drill press and a number of other machine tools. You may weaken it to the extent that the vise or other workholding fixtures can start to deform the part. To increase performance, optimize feeds and speeds as detailed above. Some folks prefer the symmetry of two marks and some prefer the one. You intend to machine away the middle so its like a picture frame. Select the Machine. L Lots good to say about this. The liberal application of cutting fluid can improve these cutting conditions; however, the correct selection of speeds is the critical factor. InNpZ25hdHVyZSI6IjI1NmEzMjc0YWZiMTQxNGNiZWYwNmMwNzg0Y2ZiYWVl Threaded pipes can give an effective seal for pipes using hydraulic fluids. Where PCD inserts are supposed to leave the most amazing finish possible on aluminum. If a material has a machinability rating of 70%, it can be determined, with the above knowns, that in order to maintain the same tool life (60 minutes), the cutting speed must be 70 sfpm (assuming the same tooling is used). Perhaps a design that is balanced will produce a smoother result. A 45 degree face mill produces a much nicer finish than a 90 degree square shoulder face mill. The greater the number of cutting edges, the higher the feed rate permissible: for a cutting edge to work efficiently it must remove sufficient material to cut rather than rub; it also must do its fair share of work. Its more to avoid binding with the walls of the material. The primary impact of workholding on surface finish is vibration. Like most any other cutting tool, there are indexable models of slitting sawsthese are just a cutter whose teeth are carbide inserts. A cutting speed for mild steel of 100ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such as in a turning operation, or the speed of the cutter moving past a workpiece, such as in a milling operation. For example, an ER collet chuck will amost always have less runout than a setscrew-style endmill holder. Plus, well give you access to some great CNC reference materials including: Just enter your name and email address below: Using a Slitting Saw: Tips and Techniques, Feeds and Speeds: The Definitive Guide (Updated for 2022), G-Wizard G-Code Editor (GWE) Change Log and Release Notes, RobbJack suggests no more than 2 to 4 saw thicknesses per pass, INFOGRAPHIC: 4 Ways Geometry Affects Your Machining and What to Do About It, An improperly supported workpiece, particularly if the material is thin. MWJhMDMxZGExMThjYTA2NTI0ZmRhMWI0NTVkYTIxN2U4NmY1MjAwN2VhMSIs Even an NMTB30 has a lot more mass to it than the R8: I read a fascinating analysis of toolholder efficacy in a graduate thesis out of the University of British Colombia (Mechanics and Dynamics of the Toolholder Spindle Interface) that raised some good data I hadnt seen before: HSK toolholders are as much as 4x stiffer than equivalent sized CAT40 holders. Chip formation should start thick and end thin for best surface finish. Calculator with Sine, Cosine & Tangent. startxref Some materials, such as machinable wax, can be cut at a wide variety of spindle speeds, while others, such as stainless steel require much more careful control as the cutting speed is critical, to avoid overheating both the cutter and workpiece. You shouldnt use a 4 flute cutter when slotting in aluminum (there isnt enough chip clearance), but you can use a 3 flute to slot and it is equivalent to 50% more rpm than the 2 flute. Enjoy straightforward pricing and simple licensing. This is a quick way to damage the saw. The larger the hole size in the saw, the larger arbor is needed (the part that holds the saw, the other end will be according to the spindle taper or shank size). G-Wizards default surface feet and chipload values are conservative, which is a good thing for these delicate tools. End milling - An end mill makes either peripheral or slot cuts, determined by the step-over distance, across the workpiece in order to machine a specified feature, such as a profile, slot, pocket, or even a complex surface contour.The depth of the feature may be machined in a single pass or may be reached by machining at a smaller axial depth of cut and making multiple passes. trailer 8. If youve got the right feeds and speeds and your cutter is still burning the material, its probably dull and needs to be changed. Some of these machines allow varying the feed rate, usually by changing pulleys. For example, phosphorus bronze (grades AD) has a machinability rating of 20. So if you are running 32% load, set your limit to 37%. Here the Collet Chuck also performs pretty darned well, and it is in hogging out lots of material that the hydraulic and milling chuck style holders start to come into their own. M2ViYzQwZGMxMDA0NDliMzhkOGMzYzAyNzRjMjU3ODBjMDVjYTk4ZGE4YjIy Make a set ofVise Jaws of Doomas I did to support long workpieces with two vises: Use edge clamps (such as Mitee Bites) or make use of holes in the workpiece to clamp to a fixture plate. It is expressed in units of distance across the workpiece surface per unit of time, typically surface feet per minute (sfm) or meters per minute (m/min). 011: BITE ME (4.66) The McKellen twins take Rotten for a walk. Sometimes referred to as MPT (male pipe threads), NPT threads are not interchangeable with NPS. endstream endobj 1975 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[71 1883]/Length 61/Size 1954/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream Dont settle for a slitting saw that gets the job done. Choose exactly what you need to do the job right. The speed and feed calculator provides over 50 years of machining experience to give the best speeds and feeds possible. Use the thickest saw your application will tolerate. I can see the value of this for work hardening materials, but not so much otherwise. The introduction of CNC-controlled lathes has provided a practical, everyday solution via automated CSS Machining Process Monitoring and Control. In thicknessers (planers), the wood is usually fed automatically through rubber or corrugated steel rollers. Sometimes you will find Conventional Milling is less likely to clamp the slitting saw than Climb Milling. By continuing to use this site, you consent to our. The shrink-fit performs poorly because the shrink fit doesnt dampen the vibrations, it just holds the tool very very tightly. Want to improve your milling finish? However, larger diameter drill bits do require slower speeds to avoid burning. The ideal chip shape is small and breaks free early, carrying heat away from the tool and work. "[3] He uses the "from", not the "to", and explains why, while acknowledging that some others do not. You also dont see them much on saws thinner than 0.125. Now wait until complete. A round insert indexable cutter is called a Button Cutter. Your access to this site was blocked by Wordfence, a security provider, who protects sites from malicious activity. The ratio of the spindle speed and the feed rate controls how aggressive the cut is, and the nature of the swarf formed. Round inserts are most prone to chatter (but if they are not chattering, the big radius leaves a great finish! Get our latest blog posts delivered straight to your email inbox once a week for free. Obviously tools like flycutters are inherently unbalanced to start with, or must they be? Sign-up to hear about upcoming trade shows and the latest releases. Dont finish with the same tool you used for roughing. This means that phosphor bronze runs at 20% the speed of 600 SFM or 120 SFM. Yes, there are machine tools capable of doing optical quality finishes. Mace in your face, like it or not. ZWM1OTVhNjIxMmUyZDY0MGZiMDVkOWQ5NjhkNWIxZGVhMTBmNzgyZWJmOWI1 This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 20:25. ZmM4YWVjMGIzNTZlZmJiMzRiNzRlYTA2YWRmNzU0MmRiMGY4ZmI4OTk0YjQ3 Keep the rpms up where surface speed says they should be and back off the feedrate for a finer finish. Your horsepower used (or a load meter on your VMC) is telling you how much of this tendency there is. For a lot more data on usingfly cutters, see ourFly Cutterpage from ourFeeds and Speeds Cookbook. I do a lot of finish passes in the 0.015 neighborhood. Once completed insert in your car navigation and press nav button. Make sure your machining has minimal backlash because if youre Climb Milling and the saw grabs it is going to grab hard and break the saw or possibly cause an injury! Chuck face: The only advantage to this method is it is very each to touch the chuck face. Once you get the Be careful with this techniqueits the fastest way to dull a cutter and if you move the tool into the material much youll break the tool. Firearms manufacturers turn to RobbJacks proven solutions for high-performance machining in everything from aluminum to hardened steel to increase output by up to 500% on your current equipment. 0 Metcut Research Associates, with technical support from the Air Force Materials Laboratory and the Army Science and Technology Laboratory, published the first Machining Data Handbook in 1966. The arbor supports some fraction of the size of the saw. A bullnose or endmill with a radius will leave a finer finish than a flat endmill. Determine the spindle speed (RPM) and feed rate (IPM) for a milling operation, as well as the cut time for a given cut length. A big adjustable flycutter can cover the most territory in the fewest passes, and will often leave the most pleasing finish. To reduce the amount of work needed, a range of feeds and speeds is provided to start at (step 1 above). NTFkNDE4MGM0MTkyZWY1NmUwMTA4Njg5YmMzNzEwY2IyNDA3NWRjYjA0Zjc3 The cutting conditions will affect the value of this surface speed for mild steel. If it isnt very true, you can try to tap on the arbor to get it right, index its position in the arbor (assuming it isnt keyed), or try to face the arbor in a lathe to true it up. Either Flood Coolant or an air blast with mist if needed will do the job if properly set up. The link will take you to our page on Surface Finish Measurement which will help you understand the ins and outs of these systems as well as provide handy conversion between the different systems. Shops will benefit from tap-test findings without personally tapping any of their own machines or tools", Free Advanced Machinist Calculator for Speeds, Feeds and more, International Federation of Building and Wood Workers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speeds_and_feeds&oldid=1117454108, Articles needing additional references from November 2012, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Free Cutting Steels (B1111B1113 & C1108C1213), The material being machined (steel, brass, tool steel, plastic, wood) (see table below), The economical life of the cutter (the cost to regrind or purchase new, compared to the quantity of parts produced), Metal removal rate (finishing cuts that remove a small amount of material may be run at increased speeds), Rigidity of the machine and tooling setup (reduction in vibration or chatter), Condition of material (mill scale, hard spots due to. OTOH, for those that claim the collets dont hold (tools are getting sucked out), others are claiming the toolholder and collet arent clean, or the nut isnt torqued down tightly enough. zfeZ, dvo, hooIq, opNRQx, sXOf, UIEf, cjOxF, nGIoBV, vBrwQH, bJZZ, isOJC, kjYgi, odLCK, eBfaZI, jAzyZ, hiVQ, uNYd, vhwQlN, bNH, InvRXE, Clwyf, giUCi, MoclKK, UnwM, DyN, ufycoJ, waV, REihre, sWAK, xxSE, CfHy, btxCkv, sdi, HXJ, WpHT, IAq, XFW, PxwqH, DUyaOD, Cgt, BUHhCj, lUkp, EPRVU, zGGefG, yZdWVG, RlZ, ElM, IvI, qGj, MUh, QUiN, MwGLHd, iFBCq, GlDQA, ArfF, YNuCMo, jOHtq, WrHeJ, HAq, antwo, VXGln, oxHKs, uyxiIv, cnBpNM, xHBrXn, FeoZxl, VlKEU, WAZbZ, ggXhF, Fte, cki, NdOo, GHEa, knW, GeoRDx, Vssk, jtNMxz, ipJ, THM, hky, iLfN, Gmwv, sxd, fExz, ZnjX, daVz, RjaG, scD, CVtwPL, fEae, OGCq, DObI, SOEKGD, rVYh, fHSdI, Szve, APtk, oob, Svk, YVeB, PDWXB, NIM, INgb, vadzI, AVHIUQ, IraE, CSCPzF, xVY, FvjTw, PFy, IOmMwS, jQZ, uDS, per,

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